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York, Pa. (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
of the various divisions of the Confederate army previous to the battle is totally inconsistent with this theory of accident in the concentration at Gettysburg. On the 28th of June General Early's Division of Ewell's Corps was in the vicinity of York, some thirty miles east of Gettysburg; the divisions of Generals Edward Johnson and Rodes were at or near Carlisle, about thirty miles directly north of that town, while Heth's and Pender's and the other divisions of the army were in and about Ced by historians. General Ewell, having no good reason against it, on receipt of this order at once headed the divisions of Rodes and Johnson towards Gettysburg. General Early, at page 467, Part 2, Volume XXVII, War Records, notes the receipt at York, through General Ewell, of a copy of the foregoing order of General Lee, with verbal instructions to move back, and began his march toward Heidlersburg, to join the other divisions at daylight on the 30th. On the 28th Hill's Corps, from the vicin
Chambersburg, Pa. (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
of General A. P. Hill's Corps, moving from Chambersburg, along the Cashtown pike, bivouacked in theher divisions of the army were in and about Chambersburg, nearly thirty miles to the westward. Thus, arrived at General Lee's headquarters, in Chambersburg, with the information that Hooker's entire was to bring Ewell back and concentrate at Chambersburg, west of the mountains, but, after studying headquarters army of Northern Virginia, Chambersburg, June 28, 1863. Lieutenant-General R. S. Ew above for Ewell to retire from Carlisle on Chambersburg—has ever been noticed by historians. Generthe 28th Hill's Corps, from the vicinity of Chambersburg, had stretched out on the road to Gettysburof Fayetteville, about eight miles east of Chambersburg. General Hill reports that he was directedngstreet reports that he received orders at Chambersburg on the 29th to follow Hill and encamp at Grreet and Hill were directed to proceed from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, to which point General Ewell
Africa (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
d out on the road to Gettysburg, and that evening was encamped near the town of Fayetteville, about eight miles east of Chambersburg. General Hill reports that he was directed to co-operate with Ewell, and, accordingly, on the 29th, moved General Heth's Division to Cashtown, some eight miles from Gettysburg, following on the morning of the 30th with the division of General Pender. General Longstreet reports that he received orders at Chambersburg on the 29th to follow Hill and encamp at Greenwood. Meanwhile the advancing Federals, moving northward more rapidly under their new commander, General Meade, than anticipated by the Confederate chieftain, had occupied the town of Gettysburg, and thus interposed—though unaware of the fact—to prevent the concentration of his armies at that point without a battle. And to accomplish his original design, and finding the enemy before him, General Lee elected to fight; his remaining divisions were hurried forward as rapidly as possible; the
Cashtown (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
advance of General A. P. Hill's Corps, moving from Chambersburg, along the Cashtown pike, bivouacked in the vicinity of Cashtown on the 30th of June. Having learned that a much-needed supply of shoes could be obtained in the town of Gettysburg, a fume the responsibility of precipitating an engagement without orders, Pettigrew quickly fell back on the main force near Cashtown. Thereupon, with the approval of General Hill, Heth concluded to lead his entire division to Gettysburg the next mornmilitia, Heth at once came in contact with Buford's Cavalry, deployed in front of Gettysburg, and covering the road from Cashtown, which he stubbornly defended, compelling the Confederates to deploy into line and advance with caution. Buford was sool reports that he was directed to co-operate with Ewell, and, accordingly, on the 29th, moved General Heth's Division to Cashtown, some eight miles from Gettysburg, following on the morning of the 30th with the division of General Pender. General Lo
Carlisle, Pa. (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
nity of York, some thirty miles east of Gettysburg; the divisions of Generals Edward Johnson and Rodes were at or near Carlisle, about thirty miles directly north of that town, while Heth's and Pender's and the other divisions of the army were in a of communications, but one threatening both Washington and Baltimore, as well. He thereupon sent to General Ewell, at Carlisle, the following order, found on page 943, Part 3, Volume XXVII, of the War Records. headquarters army of Northern Virg* * R. E. Lee, General. I do not think this feature—the first order mentioned in the above for Ewell to retire from Carlisle on Chambersburg—has ever been noticed by historians. General Ewell, having no good reason against it, on receipt of thiwere directed to proceed from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, to which point General Ewell was also instructed to march from Carlisle. * * * Respectfully submitted, R. E. Lee, General. Moving in unison. This formal statement by General Lee
Richmond (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
at least, in respect of the Confederate preliminary movements. Finally, in his various letters and reports concerning the Gettysburg campaign, General Lee several times alludes to his conclusion and the reason as well as the order for this concentration at Gettysburg. I make the following extract from his official report, found at page 305, Part 2, Volume XXVII, War Records.: headquarters army of Northern Virginia, July 31, 1863. General S. Cooper, Adjutant and Inspector-General, Richmond, Va.: General,—* * * Preparations were now made to advance upon Harrisburg, but upon the night of the 28th information was received from a scout that the Federal army, having crossed the Potomac, was advancing northward, and that the head of the column had reached the South mountain. As our communications with the Potomac were thus menaced, it was resolved to prevent his further progress in that direction by concentrating our army on the east side of the mountains. Accordingly, Longstree
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
General Lee and the battle of Gettysburg. [from the Richmond Dispatch, December 8, 1895.] He planned to fight there. The concentration of his Forces—One mind directed All—Closing scenes of first Manassas—He kept his word. There is a popular impression throughout the country that the meeting of the two armies at Gettysburg was in large measure an accidental collision. Jefferson Davis, in his Short History of the Confederate States, says the position was not the choice of either side for a battle-field. The very general belief prevails, also, especially at the South, that the concentration of the Army of Northern Virginia at Gettysburg was brought about by mere chance, and was not part of a deliberate plan of the Confederate commander predicated upon his enemy's movements. This is a strange error concerning a very important matter, and all the more remarkable because such a view must inevitably lead to the conclusion that the Southern invading force was aimlessly driftin<
Baltimore, Md. (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
better information, he changed his mind, and concluded to cross to the east side of the South mountain range and take position at Gettysburg—a strategic position of great importance because of the many excellent turnpike roads which radiate therefrom. At Gettysburg he would not only occupy an excellent position from which to fall back toward the Potomac, if found necessary to deliver or receive battle; one safely covering his line of communications, but one threatening both Washington and Baltimore, as well. He thereupon sent to General Ewell, at Carlisle, the following order, found on page 943, Part 3, Volume XXVII, of the War Records. headquarters army of Northern Virginia, Chambersburg, June 28, 1863. Lieutenant-General R. S. Ewell, Commanding Corps. General,—I wrote you last night, stating that General Hooker was reported to have crossed the Potomac, and is advancing by way of Middletown, the head of his column being at that point, in Frederick county. I directed you in
Heidlersburg (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
t point, in Frederick county. I directed you in that letter to move your forces to this point. If you have not already progressed on the road, and if you have no good reason against it, I desire you to move in the direction of Gettysburg via Heidlersburg, where you will have a turnpike most of the way, and you can thus join your divisions to Early's, which is east of the mountains. I think it preferable to keep on the east side of the mountains. * * * * R. E. Lee, General. I do not thinkds Gettysburg. General Early, at page 467, Part 2, Volume XXVII, War Records, notes the receipt at York, through General Ewell, of a copy of the foregoing order of General Lee, with verbal instructions to move back, and began his march toward Heidlersburg, to join the other divisions at daylight on the 30th. On the 28th Hill's Corps, from the vicinity of Chambersburg, had stretched out on the road to Gettysburg, and that evening was encamped near the town of Fayetteville, about eight miles eas
Frederick (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 1.22
ning both Washington and Baltimore, as well. He thereupon sent to General Ewell, at Carlisle, the following order, found on page 943, Part 3, Volume XXVII, of the War Records. headquarters army of Northern Virginia, Chambersburg, June 28, 1863. Lieutenant-General R. S. Ewell, Commanding Corps. General,—I wrote you last night, stating that General Hooker was reported to have crossed the Potomac, and is advancing by way of Middletown, the head of his column being at that point, in Frederick county. I directed you in that letter to move your forces to this point. If you have not already progressed on the road, and if you have no good reason against it, I desire you to move in the direction of Gettysburg via Heidlersburg, where you will have a turnpike most of the way, and you can thus join your divisions to Early's, which is east of the mountains. I think it preferable to keep on the east side of the mountains. * * * * R. E. Lee, General. I do not think this feature—the fi
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