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Browsing named entities in a specific section of George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition.. Search the whole document.

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April 4th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
uld himself determine for each colony the quota of men or money, which it should contribute to the common cause, and unless the colonies should be obliged, in some effectual manner, to conform to that determination, there could be no general plan for the defence of America. Without such a settlement, and a method to enforce it, there could be no union. Shirley to the Lords of Trade, month is not given. Referred to January, 1754. The day of the Secretary, to be laid before the King, 4 April, 1754. Thus was the opinion, which was one day to lead to momentous conse- chap. V.} 1754. quences, more and more definitively formed. Pennsylvania, like Maryland, fell into a strife with the proprietaries, and, incensed at their parsimony, the province, at that time, perfected no grant, although the French were within its borders, and were preparing to take possession of all that part of it that lay west of the Alleghany. Ignorant of the unequivocal orders to Virginia, they seized on th
May 2nd, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
1754. will not be directed what supplies to grant, and will always be guided by their own free determinations; they would think it an insult on their privileges, that they are so very fond of, to be under any restraint or direction. North Carolina voted twelve thousand pounds of its paper money for the service; yet little good came of it. Maryland accomplished nothing, for it coupled its offers of aid with a diminution of the privileges of the proprietary. H. Sharpe to Lord Baltimore, 2 May, 1754. Same to C. Calvert 29 Nov. 1753. 3 May, 1754. Massachusetts saw the French taking post on its eastern frontier, and holding Crown Point on the northwest. The province had never intrusted its affairs to so arbitrary Opinion of Samuel Adams. a set of men, as the Council and Assembly of that day. They adopted the recommendations of Hutchinson and Oliver. The chap. V.} 1754. French, said they, have but one interest; the English governments are disunited; some of them have their f
May 3rd, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
In England, it was the opinion of the greatest men, that the colonies should do something for themselves, and contribute jointly towards their defence. Penn to Hamilton, 29 Jan. 1754. H. Sharpe to Calvert, Secretary for Maryland in England, 3 May, 1754. The ministry as yet did nothing but order the independent companies, stationed at New York and at Charleston, to take part in defence of Western Virginia. Glen, the governor of South Carolina, proposed a meeting, in Virginia, of all the contfor the service; yet little good came of it. Maryland accomplished nothing, for it coupled its offers of aid with a diminution of the privileges of the proprietary. H. Sharpe to Lord Baltimore, 2 May, 1754. Same to C. Calvert 29 Nov. 1753. 3 May, 1754. Massachusetts saw the French taking post on its eastern frontier, and holding Crown Point on the northwest. The province had never intrusted its affairs to so arbitrary Opinion of Samuel Adams. a set of men, as the Council and Assembl
June 19th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
fearing his ammunition would give out, proposed a parley. The terms of capitulation which were offered were interpreted to Washington, who did not understand French, and, as interpreted, were accepted. On the fourth day of July, the English garrison, retaining all its effects, withdrew from the basin of the Ohio. In the whole valley of the Mississippi, to its head-springs in the Alleghanies, no standard floated but that of France. Hope might dawn from Albany. There, on the nineteenth day of June, 1754, assembled the memorable congress Massachusetts Historical Collections, XXX. New York Documentary History, II. of commissioners from every colony north of the Potomac. The Virginia government, too, was represented by the presiding officer, Delancey, the lieutenant-governor of New York. They met to concert measures of defence, and to treat with the Six Nations and the tribes in their alliance. America had never seen an assembly so venerable for the States that were represen
July, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
general invitation had been given, but one hundred and fifty warriors appeared. Half of the Onandagas had withdrawn, and joined the settlement formed at Oswegatchie under French auspices. Even Mohawks went to the delegates from Massachusetts to complain of fraudulent transfers of their soil,—that the ground on which they slept, and where burned the fires by which they sat, had never been sold, but had yet been surveyed and stolen from them in the night. Alexander Colden to C. Golden, July, 1754. The lands on the Ohio they called their own; and as Connecticut was claiming a part of Pennsylvania, because by its charter its jurisdiction extended west to the Pacific, they advised the respective claimants to remain at peace. The red men having held their last council, and the congress, by its president, having spoken to them farewell, the discussion of the federative compact was renewed, and the project of Franklin being accepted, he was deputed alone to make a draught of it. On th
July 17th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
copy was also to be transmitted to the governor of each colony not represented in the congress. New England colonies in their infancy had given birth to a confederacy. William Penn, in 1697, had proposed an annual congress of all the provinces on the continent of America, with power to regulate commerce. Franklin revived the great idea, and breathed into it enduring life. As he descended the Hudson, the people of New York thronged about him to welcome him; Letter from New York, 17 July, 1754, Gentlemen have, for this hour past, been going in and coming out from paying their compliments to Mr. Franklin. and he, who had first entered their city as a runaway apprentice, was revered as the mover of American union. Yet the system was not altogether acceptable either to Great Britain or to America. The fervid attachment of each colony to its own individual liberties repelled the overruling influence of a central power. Connecticut rejected it; even New York showed it little fa
July 21st, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
uncil were to meet once a year, to choose their own speaker, and neither to be dissolved nor prorogued, nor continue sitting longer than six weeks at any one time, but by their own consent. The warmest friend of union and the principal hand in forming the plan, Shirley to Sir Thomas Robinson, 24 December, 1754. was Benjamin Franklin. He encountered a great deal of disputation about it; almost every article being contested by one or another. Ms. Letter from Benjamin Franklin, of 21 July, 1754. His warmest supporters were the delegates from New England; yet Connecticut feared the negative power of the governor-general. On the royalist side none opposed but Delancey. He would have reserved to the colonial governors a negative on all elections to the grand council; but it was answered, that the colonies would then be virtually taxed by a chap. V.} 1754. congress of governors. The sources of revenue suggested in debate were a duty on spirits and a general stamp-tax. Smith
July 24th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
been vainly solicited to succor, was, on the first day of July, compelled to fall back upon Fort Necessity, the rude stockade at Great Meadows. The royal troops had done nothing to make it tenable. The little intrenchment was in a glade between two eminences covered with trees, except within sixty yards chap. V.} 1754. of it. On the third day of July, about noon, six hundred French, with one hundred Indians, came Journal of De Villiers in New York Paris Documents. Varin to Bigot, 24 July, 1754. Correspondence of H. Sharpe. in eight, and took possession of one of the eminences, where every soldier found a large tree for his shelter, and could fire in security on the troops beneath. For nine hours, in a heavy rain, the fire was returned. The tranquil courage of Washington spread its influence through the raw provincial levies, so inferior to the French in numbers and in position. At last, H. Sharpe to his Brother, Annapolis, 19 April, 1755. after thirty of the English, an
October 29th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
itain or to America. The fervid attachment of each colony to its own individual liberties repelled the overruling influence of a central power. Connecticut rejected it; even New York showed it little favor; Massachusetts charged her agent to oppose it. Massachusetts to Bollan, December, 1754. The Board of Trade, on receiving the chap. V.} 1754. minutes of the congress, were astonished at a plan of general government complete in itself. Representation of the Board of 31 Trade, 29 October, 1754, in Plantations Gen. B. 7. XLII.; and at Albany London Documents, XXXI. 64. Reflecting men in England dreaded American union as the keystone of independence. But in the mind of Franklin the love for union assumed still more majestic proportions, and comprehended the great country back of the Apalachian mountains. He directed attention to the extreme richness of its land; the healthy temperature of its air; the mildness of the climate; and the vast convenience of inland navigation by
November 5th, 1754 AD (search for this): chapter 5
or aid from the banks of the Muskingum, the Miami, and the Wabash, from Maryland and Pennsylvania, and from all the six provinces to which appeals had been made, no relief arrived. An independent company came, indeed, from South Carolina; but its captain, proud of his commission from the king, weakened the little army by wrangling for precedence over the provincial commander of the Virginia regiment; and it is the sober judgment of the well-informed, Lieut. Gov. Sharpe to Lord Bury, 5 November, 1754. that, if Washington had remained undisputed chief, the defeat that followed would have been avoided. While he, with his Virginians, constructed a road for about thirteen miles through the gorge in the mountains to Gist's settlement, and a party was clearing a path as far as the mouth of the Redstone, the Half-King saw with anger that the independent company remained in idleness at Great Meadows from one full moon to the other; Hazard's Register. and, foreboding evil, he removed his
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