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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Hyrca'nus, Joannes （*(Urkano/s), prince and high-priest of the Jews, was the son and successor of Simon Maccabaeus, the restorer of the independence of Judaea. In B. C. 137, Antiochus VII. having established himself on the throne of Syria after the defeat and death of Tryphon, determined to effect the reduction of Judaea to its former condition of a tributary province of the Syrian monarchy, and sent a force, under his general, Cendebeus, to invade the country. Simon, being now a man of advanced years, confided the command of the force which he opposed to them, to his two sons, Judas and Joannes Hyrcanus: they were completely successful, defeated Cendebeus, and drove him out of Judaea. But Simon did not long enjoy the fruits of this victory, being treacherously seized and assassinated by his son-in-law, Ptolemy, the governor of Jericho, B. C. 135. Two of his sons, Judas and Mattathias, perished with him, but Hyrcanus escaped the snares of the assassin, and assumed the dignity of high
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Le'pidus (search)
iv. Epit. 48), we may conclude that he belonged to that party of the Roman nobles who set their faces against the refined but extravagant habits which the Scipios and their friends were introducing into the state. Lepidus the triumvir is called by Cicero (Cic. Phil. 13.7) the pronepos of this Lepidus; but he would seem more probably to have been his abnepos, or great-great-grandson. This Lepidus left several sons; but we can hardly suppose that either the M. Lepidus Porcina, who was consul B. C. 137, or the M. Lepidus who was consul B. C. 126, were his sons, more especially as Livy mentions one of his sons, M. Lepidus (37.43), as tribune of the soldiers in B. C. 190: the other two we may therefore look upon as his grandsons. (Plb. 16.34; Liv. 31.2, 18, 32.7, 35.10, 24, 36.2, 38.42, 39.2, 56; Plb. 23.1; V. Max. 6.3.3; Liv. 40.42, 45, 46; V. Max. 4.2.1; Cic. de Prov. Cons. 9; Liv. Epit. 48, comp. 40.51, 41.27, 43.15, Epit. 46, 47; Plb. 32.22.) The following coin of Lepidus refers to h
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Le'pidus (search)
Le'pidus 10. M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina, M. F. M. N., son probably of No. 9, and grandson of No. 7, was consul B. C. 137. He was sent into Spain in his consulship to succeed his colleague C. Hostilius Mancinus, who had been defeated by the Numantines [MANCINUS]; and while he was waiting for reinforcements from home, as he was not yet in a condition to attack the Numantines, he resolved to make war upon the Vaccaei, under the pretence of their having assisted the Numantines. This he did merelyver, very deficient in a knowledge of law and Roman institutions. (Cic. Brut. 25, 86, 97, de Orat. 1.10. Tuscul. 1.3; Auctor, ad Herenn. 4.5.) In politics Lepidus seems to have belonged to the aristocratical party. He opposed in his consulship (B. C. 137) the law for introducing the ballot (lex tabillaria) proposed by L. Cassius Longinus (Cic. Brut. 25); and it appears from a fragment of Priscian (vol. i. p. 456), that Lepidus spoke in favour of a repeal of the lex Aemilia, which was probably t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Longi'nus, Ca'ssius 4. L. Cassius Longinus Raviila, Q. F. L. N., second son of No. 2, received his agnomen of Ravilla from his ravi oculi. (Festus, s. v. Ravi.) He was tribune of the plebs, B. C. 137, and proposed the second law for voting by ballot (tabellaria lex), the first having been brought forward by Gabinius two years before, B. C. 139. The law of Cassius introduced the ballot in the "Judicium Populi," by which we must understand criminal cases tried in the comitia by the whole body ofpinion. [LICINIA, No. 2.1 (Cic. pro S. Rosc. 30; Ascon. in Milon. 12, p. 46, ed. Orelli; Dion Cas. Fr. 92; Oros. 5.15; Liv. Epit. 63; Obsequ. 97; Plut. Quest. Rom. p. 284b.) Ernesti (Clavis Cic.) and Orelli (Onom. Tull.) regard the tribune of B. C. 137, who proposed the tabellaria lex, as the father of the consul of B. C. 127, and of the censor of B. C. 125. It is, however, very improbable that a tribune of the plebs should be the father of a person who was consul ten years afterwards; and th
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
mediately declared for Demetrius, and was confirmed by the latter in the high-priesthood. He was the most fortunate of the heroic sons of Mattathias. IIe renewed the alliance with the Romans, fortified many towns, and expelled eventually the Syrian garrison from the fortress in Jerusalem. Under his fostering care the country began to recover from the ravages of the long protracted wars, and gradually increased in wealth and prosperity. Still he was not destined to end his days in peace. In B. C. 137, Antiochus VII., who had succeeded his brother Demetrius Nicator, unwilling to lose Judaea, which had now become an independent state, sent an army, under his general Cenbedeus, to invade the country. The aged Simon entrusted the conduct of the war to his sons Judas and Joannes Hyrcanus, who conquered Cenbedeus, and drove him out of the country. But Simon did not long enjoy the fruits of his victory. His son-in-law Ptolemy, the governor of Jericho, instigated by Antiocius, formed a plot to
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
mediately declared for Demetrius, and was confirmed by the latter in the high-priesthood. He was the most fortunate of the heroic sons of Mattathias. IIe renewed the alliance with the Romans, fortified many towns, and expelled eventually the Syrian garrison from the fortress in Jerusalem. Under his fostering care the country began to recover from the ravages of the long protracted wars, and gradually increased in wealth and prosperity. Still he was not destined to end his days in peace. In B. C. 137, Antiochus VII., who had succeeded his brother Demetrius Nicator, unwilling to lose Judaea, which had now become an independent state, sent an army, under his general Cenbedeus, to invade the country. The aged Simon entrusted the conduct of the war to his sons Judas and Joannes Hyrcanus, who conquered Cenbedeus, and drove him out of the country. But Simon did not long enjoy the fruits of his victory. His son-in-law Ptolemy, the governor of Jericho, instigated by Antiocius, formed a plot to
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Manci'nus Hosti'lius 3. C. Hostilius Mancinus, probably a brother of No. 2, was consul in B. C. 137 with M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina, and had the conduct of the war against Numantia. Its unsuccessful issue was foretold the consul by many prodigies. He was defeated by the Numantines in several engagements, and at length, being entirely surrounded by the enemy, he negotiated a peace, through the intervention of his quaestor Tib. Gracchus, who was greatly respected by the enemy. Appian says that this peace contained the same terms for the Romans and Numantines; but as it must in that case have recognised the independence of the latter, the senate refused to recognise it, and went through the hypocritical ceremony of delivering over the consul bound and naked to the enemy, by means of the fetiales. This was done with the consent of Mancinus, but the enemy refused to accept him. On his return to Rome Mancinus took his seat in the senate, as heretofore, but was violently expelled from it
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mani'lius (search)
Mani'lius 4. MANILIUS, praetor B. C. 137, was defeated in Sicily by Eunus, the leader of the slaves in the great servile war in that island. [EUNUS.] (Flor. 3.19; comp. Liv. Epit. 56; Oros. 5.6.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Marcellus Clau'dius 27. M. Claudius Marcellus, praetor in B. C. 137, was killed by lightning during the year of his office. (Jul. Obseq. 83.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Porcina (search)
Porcina an agnomen of M. Aemilius Lepidus, consul B. C. 137.
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