A.“ψεύσω” Id.OC628, X.Cyr.1.5.13: aor. “ἔψευσα” A.Pers.472, Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—Pass., fut. “ψευσθήσομαι” S.Tr.712, Gal.15.143: aor. “ἐψεύσθην” Hdt.1.141, etc.: pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper. “ἐψεύσθω” Aeschin.1.162:—cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S.OC628, etc.:—Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A.Ch.759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.
2. c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, “ψεύσει σ᾽ ὁδοῦ τῆσδ᾽ ἐλπίς” E.Hec.1031; “ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας” A.Pers.472; “μὴ ψεῦσον ὦ Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος” Ar.Th.870; “πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας” X.Cyr.1.5.13; “πόλλ᾽ ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς” E.Fr. 650:—Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt.1.141, 5.47; “ἐνάρων” S.Aj.178(lyr.); “δείπνου” Ar.Nu.618 (troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th.8.103.
3. in Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt.8.40, cf. S.Tr. 712 (also “ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ” Hdt.7.9.γ́）; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th.4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a man's wealth, Lys.19.45; “τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην” Pl.Ap.22d; “ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας” Id.R.413a; “τῆς ὥρας” And.1.38; “ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων” Pl.Tht.195a; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X.Mem.4.2.26; also “ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι” Hdt.9.48; “περί τινος” X.An.2.6.28, Pl.Prt.358c: also c. acc., “ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο” X.An.1.8.11, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl.Men.71d: more rarely in Act., καί μ᾽ ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S.Aj.1382.
4. of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt.2.22.
II. c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω 11, represent a thing as a lie, falsify, “ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων” S.OC1512 (prob. for σημάτων）; ψεύδει ἡ ᾿πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id.Ant.389:— Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id.Ph.1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th.3.66; “πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται” have been falsely reported, D.52.23; in E.Andr.346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porson's correction ἐψεύσεται is probable (πεύσεται Kiehl).
B. earlier and more common ψεύδομαι , imper. “ψεύδεο” Il.4.404 (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. “ψεύσομαι” Hom., Pi., Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι (will have made a false statement) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): pf. “ἔψευσμαι” X.An.1.3.10.
I. abs., lie, speak false, play false, “ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω;” Il.10.534, Od.4.140; “οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι” h.Merc.369; “οὐ ψεύσομ᾽ ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ” Pi.O.13.52; “περί τινος” Pl.Prt.347a; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id.Euthd.284a, Lys.22.7; “ψ. πρός τινα” X.An.1.3.5; “ψ. τινι” Act.Ap. 5.4 and “εἴς τινα” Ep.Col.3.9.
2. c. inf., say falsely, pretend that . . , Plu.2.506d.
3. c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not, “τοῦτό γ᾽ οὐκ ἐψεύσατο” Ar.Ec.445; “οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται” Id.Ach.561; “κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ᾽ ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν” S.OT461; “ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω . . , εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι: ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι” Pl.Smp.214e, cf. X.Mem.4.2.19; “περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς” Lys.3.21.
4. to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes.Op.283.
5. ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 (ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in “ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ.” Arist.EN1146a22).
II. like Act. 11, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il.7.352; so “συνθήκας ψ.” X.Ages.1.12; “γάμους” E.Ba. 31,245; so in plpf., “ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν” Th.5.83; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt.6.32; τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X.An.5.6.35.
III. like Act. 1, deceive by lies, cheat, “Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην” A.Ag.1208, cf. X.HG3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S.OC1145, E.Alc.808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And.1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται （ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl.Lg.921a.
IV. of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist.Int.16a3.
