I.Neutr. collat. form sanguen, ante-class., Enn. ap. Non. 224; id.ap.Cic.Rep. 1, 41, 64; id.ap.Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31; Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 218; id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P.; Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; Att. and Varr. ap. Non. l. l.; Lucr. 1, 837; 1, 860; Petr. 59, 1; Arn. 1, 36), m. etym. dub.; prob. root sak-, sag-, to drop, flow; cf. Angl.-Sax. sūc-an; Germ. saugen, blood (class. only in the sing.; cf. cruor).
I. Lit.: “guttam haut habeo sanguinis,” Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 76: quod sanguen defluxerat, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19: “sine sanguine hoc fieri non posse,” bloodshed, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9: “sanguen creari,” Lucr. 1, 837: “nobis venas et sanguen...esse,” id. 1, 860: “in quem (ventriculum cordis) sanguis a jecore per venam illam cavam influit: eoque modo ex his partibus sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur,” Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138: “fluvius Atratus sanguine,” id. Div. 1, 43, 98: “flumine sanguinis meum reditum interclu, dendum putaverunt,” id. Red. ad Quir. 5, 14; id. Red. in Sen. 3, 6: “nuntiatum est, in foro Subertano sanguinis rivos per totum diem fluxisse,” Liv. 26, 23, 5: “cum rivi sanguis flammam orientem restinguere,” id. 28, 23, 2: pugnatum ingenti caede utrimque, plurimo sanguine, Liv. 2, 64: haurire sanguinem, to shed (another's) blood: “ad meum sanguinem hauriendum advolaverunt,” Cic. Sest. 24, 54: “tanti sanguinis nostri hauriendi est sitis,” Liv. 26, 13, 14: “nisi hauriendum sanguinem laniendaque viscera nostra praebuerimus,” id. 9, 1, 9: “relicum sanguinem jubentes haurire,” id. 22, 51, 7: “multum sanguinem invicem hausimus,” Curt. 4, 14, 17: “multorum sanguinem hauserunt,” Sen. Ben. 6, 30, 5; Lact. 5, 1, 8: sanguinem dare, to shed (one's own) blood, give (one's) life: “in beluas strinximus ferrum, hauriendus aut dandus est sanguis,” Liv. 7, 24, 4: “dandus invidiae est sanguis,” id. 3, 54, 4: “quid super sanguinis, qui dari pro re publicā posset, rogitantes,” id. 4, 58, 13; Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 2; 3, 18, 2: “sanguinem mittere,” to bleed, let blood, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2; so Cels. 2, 10; 4, 13; “for which: emittere sanguinem de aure,” Col. 6, 14, 3: “sub caudā,” id. 7, 5, 19; 6, 6, 4; 6, 9, 1: “demere (e capite),” Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23: “detrahere (ex auriculā),” Col. 6, 14, 3; Cels. 2, 10, 4; 6, 6, 26: “ex adversā parte de auriculā sanguinem mittere,” Col. 7, 10, 2: “supprimere sanguinem,” to stanch, stop, Cels. 2, 10; “for which: cohibere,” id. 8, 4; Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147: “sistere,” id. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239.—
2. Plur. (late Lat.): “vir sanguinum,” i. e. bloody, violent, cruel, Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 7, 8; id. Psa. 5, 6; 25, 9; 54, 23; cf.: “libera me de sanguinibus,” i. e. the guilt of shedding blood, id. ib. 50, 15: “vae civitati sanguinum,” id. Ezech. 24, 9.—
B. Transf. (class.; esp. freq. in the poets).
1. Blood, i. e. consanguinity, descent, race, stock, family.
a. Abstr.: “sanguine conjuncti,” blood-relations, relatives by blood, Cic. Inv. 2, 53, 161; Sall. J. 10, 3: “alicui materno a sanguine jungi,” Ov. M. 2, 368: “alicui sanguine cohaerere,” Quint. 8, 3, 75: “progeniem Trojano a sanguine duci,” Verg. A. 1, 19; cf.: “genus alto a sanguine Teucri,” id. ib. 4, 230: “Semiramio Polydaemona sanguine cretum,” Ov. M. 5, 85: “sanguine cretus Sisyphio,” id. ib. 13, 31: “nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est,” id. ib. 13, 142: “nec iis tantum quos sanguine attingit amandus,” Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 2: “sanguinem sociare,” Liv. 4, 4, 6: “Tiridates sanguinis ejusdem,” Tac. A. 6, 32.—
b. Concr., a descendant, offspring: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64; and id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P. (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.: “non magis in alienis, quam in proximis ac sanguine ipso suo exerceret,” Liv. 7, 4, 3: “in suum sanguinem saevire,” id. 40, 5, 1: “Alexandri sanguis et stirps,” Curt. 10, 6, 10: “suum sanguinem perditum ire,” Tac. A. 4, 66; 3, 4: “ne secus quam suum sanguinem (eum) foveret ac tolleret,” id. ib. 4, 8; Vell. 1, 10, 5; Val. Max. 5, 9, 4: “seu deos regesve canit, deorum Sanguinem, etc.,” Hor. C. 4, 2, 14: clarus Anchisae Venerisque sanguis (i. e. Æneas), id. C. S. 50: regius sanguis (i. e. Europa), id. C. 3, 27, 65: vos, o Pompilius sanguis (i. e. the Pisos), id. A. P. 292: “non ego, pauperum Sanguis parentum,” id. C. 2, 20, 6: “pro sanguine tuo,” Ov. M. 5, 515: “sanguis meus,” Verg. A. 6, 836: “tuus,” Tib. 1, 6, 66; Stat. Th. 3, 559.—
2. Of other fluids (rare): “et viridis nemori sanguis decedit et herbis,” Manil. 5, 212: “Baccheus,” i. e. wine, Stat. Th. 1, 329; cf. Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58: “Pallas amat turgentes sanguine baccas,” Nemes. Ecl. 2, 50.—
II. Trop., vigor, strength, force, spirit, life (class.), Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 45: “amisimus, mi Pomponi, omnem non modo sucum ac sanguinem, sed etiam colorem et speciem pristinam civitatis,” Cic. Att. 4, 18, 2 (4, 16, 10); cf. “Sall. Fragm. Or. Lepidi, § 25: vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque suo stant robore vires,” Verg. A. 2, 639: quae cum de sanguine detraxisset aerarii, had bled the treasury (the figure taken from blood-letting), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 36, § 83; cf.: cum ἐξ ἀφαιρέσεως provinciam curarit, sanguinem miserit, etc., id. Att. 6, 1, 2: “missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore,” id. ib. 1, 16, 11: “qui ab illo pestifero ac perdito civi jam pridem rei publicae sanguine saginantur,” id. Sest. 36, 78; cf.: “illa in agendis causis jam detrita: Jugulum petere et Sanguinem mittere...nec offendunt tamen,” Quint. 8, 6, 51.—Of vigor, force of style: “sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus usque ad hanc aetatem oratorum fuit, in quā naturalis inesset, non fucatus nitor,” Cic. Brut. 9, 36: orationis subtilitas etsi non plurimi sanguinis est, etc., id. Or. 23, 76: “sanguine et viribus niteat,” Quint. 8, 3, 6; so (with vires) id. 10, 2, 12: “Calvus metuens, ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat,” Cic. Brut. 82, 283: “dicta plena sanguinis,” Quint. 11, 1, 34: “sanguinem ipsum ac medullam verborum ejus eruere atque introspicere penitus,” Gell. 18, 4, 2.