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ἀπό , Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.
A.ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [α^πο^: where ἀπο_ is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as “ἀπὸ ἕθενIl.6.62, “ἀπὸ νευρῆς11.664, Hes. Sc.409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— α_ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]
I. OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense:
4. in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ)“, ἀνὰ δ᾽ ἐβόασεν . . . πέτρας σταθείςE.Tr.523; .τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp.212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, “ἁψαμένη βρόχον . μελάθρουOd.11.278.
7. Math., of figures described upon a base, “κῶνον ἀναγράφειν . κύκλουArchim.Sph.Cyl.1.19, etc.; τὸ . τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc.1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα . . . Archim.Spir.10,11.
10. privative, free from, without,. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίαςPLips.16.19 (ii A. D.); “. ζημίαςPTeb420.4 (iii A. D.).
II. OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il.8.54 . δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt.1.133; . δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id.1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.; “. τοῦ σιτίου πίνεινHp.Salubr.5; “. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαιX.Lac. 5.8; in narrative, τὸ . τούτου or το̂δε, from this point onwards, Hdt.1.4,2.99; “. τούτου τοῦ χρόνουId.1.82, X.An.7.5.8; “τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνουLuc.Tox.25; “ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ᾽ ἧς . .Hdt.3.14, etc.; “δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ . τῆς ἐμπρήσιοςId.8.55, cf. X.An.1.7.18, etc.; “ἀφ᾽ οὗ χρόνουId.Cyr. 1.2.13; more often ἀπ᾽ or ἀφ᾽ οὗ, Hdt.2.44, Th.1.18, etc.; “ἀφ᾽ οὗπερA.Pers.177; “ἀφ᾽ ἧςPlu.Pel.15; εὐθὺς . παλαιοῦ, . τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th.1.2,2.15; “ἀπ᾽ ἀρχᾶςPi.P.8.25, etc.; “. γενεᾶςX. Cyr.1.2.8; ἀφ᾽ ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th.7.29; . πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43; “. μέσων νυκτῶνAr.V.218; ἀπ᾽ ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc.15.21, cf. 7.4; “. νουμηνίαςX.An.5.6.23; χρονίζειν . τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; . τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of . ., ib.24.8; “γενόμενος . τῆς ἀρχῆςPlu.Caes.5: hence . ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG3.398; “. λογιστῶνPOxy.1103.3 (iv A. D.); οἱ . ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but . τινος the freedman of . ., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473.
III. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:
c. of persons, οἱ . τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb.2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, “οἱ . ΠυθαγόρουLuc.Herm.14; “οἱ . ΠλάτωνοςPlu.Brut.2; οἱ . τοῦ περιπάτου, . τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc.Cont. 6; generally οἱ . φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ . σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu.Sull.2; “οἱ . τῆς βουλῆςId.Caes.10, etc.; ἀφ᾽ ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ᾽ ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E.P.1.153.
4. of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done, “οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετοHdt.1.14; “ζήτησιν . σφέων γενέσθαιId.2.54; “ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογονTh.1.17, cf. 6.61; “. τινος ὄνασθαιPl.R.528a, etc.; so τἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E.Tr.74, S.OC1628; “τὰ . τῶν ἈθηναίωνTh.1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc.
6. of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, “. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσιHdt.2.42; . τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th.2.25,6.12, X.Cyr.1.1.2; “. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαιTh.5.17; “τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν . τινοςId.1.46; “. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχεινX.An. 7.7.9; “ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνεινD.2.27; . τοῦ πάθους in consequence of . ., Th.4.30; “βλάπτειν τινὰ . τινοςId.7.29; “κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ᾽ ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαιD.18.194; τρόπαιον . τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id.19.320; τλήμων οὖσ᾽ ἀπ᾽ εὐτόλμουφρενόςA.Ag.1302, cf. 1643; . δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt.7.164; . τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D.3.34, etc.; for ὅσον . βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, . σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.7.359; . τοῦἴσου, . τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ᾽ ἴσης, equally, Th.1.99,15, D.14.6, etc.; “ἀπ᾽ ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆςId.18.298; “. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆςTh.1.91; . τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; . τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id.3.43; . τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl.Prt.323c; . γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A.Ag.813); “. στόματοςPl.Tht.142d; ἀπ᾽ ὄψεως at sight, Lys.16.19; . χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar.V.656; “πεύθομαι δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων νόστονA.Ag. 988; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E.Med.216; “. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαιX.Mem.1.2.9; “ βουλὴ . τοῦ κυάμουTh.8.66, cf. IG1.9; “τοὺς . τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδραςArist.Ath.24.3; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι . τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D.18.106; ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th.8.6, etc.; “ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ γνώμηςId.4.68; . συνθήματος, . παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt.5.74, Th.8.99; . σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος . τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.).
7. of the object spoken of, τὰ . τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island . ., Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; “νόμος κείμενος . τῶν τεχνῶνAr.Ra.762.
B. in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 (Tegea); “ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷInscr.Cypr.135.8 H. (Idalion).
2. in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.).
C. in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89.
D. IN COMPOS.:
1. asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.
4. back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple.
5. by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.
6. almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.
E. ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as “ὀμμάτων ἄποS.El.1231, etc.; never in Prose.
2. ἄπο for ἄπεστι, Semon.1.20, Timocr.9.
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