A.the shoulder with the upper arm (ὠλένη being the lower), “ξίφεϊ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου” Il.5.146, cf. 8.325, Hdt.4.62; “μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν ὤμων μεσσηγύς” Il.5.41; “τεύχε᾽ ἀπ᾽ ὤμων συλήσειν” 15.544; ὦμος ς ριβαρός, ὦμοι ἴφθιμοι, 5.400, 18.204; “εὐρέες” 3.210; “κυρτώ” 2.217; “ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοισιν ἔχει σάκος” 11.527, cf. S.Fr.453; “ἐπ᾽ ὤμου . . φέρειν” Od.10.170, cf. Isoc.19.39; “ἀρεῖτ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ὤμου” Herod.3.61; κατ᾽ ὤμου δεῖρον ib.3; “ἐπ᾽ ὤμων πατέρ᾽ ἔχων” S.Fr.373; “τὰ ὦτα ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἔχειν” Pl.R.613c; “ὤμοισι φόρησεν” Il.19.11; “ἑλὼν . . σάκος ὤμῳ” 15.474; ὤμῳ or ὤμοισιν ἔχειν, 14.376, 1.45, al.; ὤμοις or ἐπ᾽ ὤμοις φέρειν, S.Fr.454, Tr564; “ἔχειν ἀνὰ φαιδίμῳ ὤμῳ” Od.11.128, 23.275; “λαβὼν . . ὦμον εἰς ἀριστερόν” E.IT1381; “ἐπ᾽ ὤμοις θεῖναι” Id.Ba.755; “κίον᾽ οὐρανοῦ . . ὤμοις ἐρείδων” A.Pr.350; ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι 'by the strength of mine arms', Hdt.2.106; ἀποστρέψαι τὸν ὦ. to dislocate it, Ar.Eq.263 (troch.); “ὁ δ᾽ ὦμος . . πιέζεται” Id.Ra.30; “τὸν ὦμον θλίβομαι” Id.Fr.323: pl. for sg., “ὤμοις ἀριστεροῖσιν ἀνακλάσας δέρην” E.Or.1471.
b. the shoulder is sts. more exactly specified as πρυμνότατος or πρυμνὸς ὦμος, Od.17.462,504; “νείατος ὦ.” Il.15.341, 17.310; sts. opp. χείρ (the arm), “χεῖρες ὤμων . . ἐπαΐσσονται” 23.628; “τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀΐσσοντο” Hes.Th.150; τοὺς ὤμους ἀποταμόντες σὺν τῇσι χερσί (arms) Hdt.4.62; “ἀποταμόντα ἐν τῷ ὤμῳ τὴν χεῖρα” Id.2.121.έ, cf. E.Ba.1127, Arist.HA493b26.
2. also of animals. as of a horse, Il.6.510, 15.267, X.Eq.8.6; of a lion, Hes.Sc.430; of a dog, X.Cyn.4.1; of crabs, Batr.296; of birds, Plu.2.983b; of ants, Gp.13.10.14.
3. the shoulder, in a dress, “ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος” LXX Ex.28.12, cf. 25(29); “ἐπὶ τῷ ὤμῳ τοῦ χιτῶνος ὑποθέντες” Aen.Tact.31.23 codd. (ἐπὶ τῇ ᾤᾳ cj. Haupt).
II. metaph. of the parts below the top or head of any thing, esp. of the fork of a vine (cf. ὠμοχάραξ), Gp.4.12.4; of the womb, Heroph. ap. Gal.4.596, cf. Ruf.Onom.195. (Cf. Lat. umerus (fr. *omesos), Goth. ams (stem amsa-), Skt. áṃsas, also Aeol. ἐπ-ομμάδιος, and (non-Greek) “ἀμέσω” Hsch.）
