A.“χαλινά” A.R.4.1607, Opp.H.1.191, Plu.2.613c, Sor.1.100, etc.:—bit, once in Hom., “ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον” Il.19.393; “χαλινὸν ἐμβαλεῖν γνάθοις” E.Alc.492; “χ. ἐξαιρεῖται” X.Eq.3.2; of the horse, χ. οὐκ ἐπίσταται φέρειν (metaph. of Cassandra) A.Ag.1066; χ. δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, X.Eq.3.2, 6.10; λαβεῖν, ἔχειν, Arist.Rh.1393b16, 21; τὸν χ. ἐνδακεῖν champ the bit, Pl.Phdr.254d; of the rider, δοτέον τὸν χ. one must give a horse the rein, X.Eq.10.12; ὀπίσω σπάσαι, ξυνέχειν ἀνάγκῃ, Pl.Phdr.254e, Luc.DDeor.25.1; [“χ.] εἰς ἄκρον τὸ στόμα καθιέμενος” X.Eq.6.9.—Expld. of the bit, opp. reins (ἡνίαι), by Poll.1.148; so “ἡνίας τε . . καὶ χ.” Pl.R.601c; “χ. τινα χαλκεῖ ἐκδιδόντα σκευάσαι” Id.Prm.127a; “κατὰ [τὸν κυνόδοντα] ἐμβάλλεται ὁ χ.” Arist. HA576b18, cf. A.Th.123 (lyr.), S.OC1067 (lyr.); but distd. fr. στόμιον by Hdt.1.215, cf. A.Th.207 (lyr.), X.Eq.6.9, 10.9, etc.; and may be used generally for bit and bridle, Hdt.3.118, 4.64, IG12.374.176, PCair.Zen.659.11 (iii B. C.).
2. metaph., of anything which curbs, restrains, or compels, Ἀργοῦς χ., of an anchor, Pi.P.4.25; χ. λινόδετοι, = χαλινωτήρια, E.IT1043; παρθενίας χ. λύειν, of the virgin zone, Pi.I.8(7).48; χαλινοῖς ἐν πετρίνοισιν, of Prometheus' bonds, A.Pr.562 (anap.); Διὸς χ., of the will of Zeus, ib.672; χαλινῶν ἀναύδῳ μένει, of forcible constraint, Id.Ag.238 (lyr.); πολλῶν χαλινῶν ἔργον οἰάκων θ᾽ ἅμα, i.e. it requires much skill and force to guide, S.Fr.869; τῷ δήμῳ χ. ἐμβαλεῖν ὕβρεως a bridle to curb their violence, Plu.Comp.Per.Fab.1, cf. Luc.Herm.82; “τῆς γλώττης τὰ χ.” Plu.2.613c; “ἐπέστω τῷ στόματι χ.” Lib.Ep.315.4; “χ. οὐδεὶς ὀμμάτων” Philostr. VA6.11.
II. generally, strap, thong, E.Cyc.461 (dual).
III. part of the tackle of a ship, IG22.1610.11,14.
IV. corner of the horse's mouth, where the bit rests, Poll.2.90 (pl.); of the human mouth, Nic.Al.117,223, PUniv.Giss.44.7, (ii/i B. C.), Heliod. ap.Orib 48.31.4, Sor.1.100, PSI9.1016.25 (ii B. C.), Aret.SA1.9, Cael.Aur.TP1.4, Aët.8.27; but, = ἡ σύνδεσις τῶν γνάθων, Ruf.Onom. 53, cf. Aët.8.40.
2. fangs of serpents, from their shape and position in the mouth, Nic.Th.234.
