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ὦ and ὤ , an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain,
A.O! oh! with nom., “ὢ τάλας ἐγώ” S.Aj.981, etc.; “ὢ ἔβενος, ὢ χρυσός” Theoc.15.123: also c. gen., “ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας” Luc.Pisc.5; with interrog., “ὤ, τί λέγεις;” Pl.Prt.309d; in the middle of a sentence, E.Hipp.362 (lyr.), al.
II. with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis, “ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ” Il.1.74, etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1; in invocations of the gods, “ὦ Ζεῦ τε καὶ Γῆ καὶ πολισσοῦχοι θεοί” A.Th.69, etc.; with imper., “ὦ χαῖρε” Id.Ag.22, S.Aj. 91; ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib.371, cf. D.21.98: sts. following the Verb, E.Tr.335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc., “προσέλθετ᾽, ὦ παῖ, πατρί” S.OC1104, cf. 1112, Sch.Ar.Pl.66.
2. with nom. instead of voc., ὦ δι^ος αἰθήρ, ὦ φίλος, A.Pr.88, 545; “ὦ γενναῖος” Pl. Phdr.227c; “ὦ οὗτος Αἴας” S.Aj.89; “ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Οἰδίπους” Id.OC 1627; also οὗτος, ὦ σέ τοι (sc. καλῶ) Ar.Av.274.
3. with both together, “φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε” Il.4.189; “ὦ τλάμων πάτερ” S.Aj.641 (lyr., τλᾶμον codd. rec., edd.).
4. with the latter of two nouns, “Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε” Id.Ph.794.—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ : “[τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρει^ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς” EM79.13: Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ （ὦ,) expresses surprise (but A.D.Adv.127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503, so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost.Can.158 (as emended by Lehrs Aristarch.3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM822.33, cf. Lex.Mess.p.413; “ωιμ᾽” Sapph.Supp.23.4; in E., when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp.362, al.: sts. doubled, “ὢ ὢ κακά” A.Ag.1214; “ἰὼ ὢ ὤ” S.OC 224 (v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S.Ichn.61; tripled, “ὢ ὢ ὤ” A.Pers.985 (lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T.640.11, cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H.) took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ, A.D.Synt.45.22-53 replies at length.
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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