Candēla
A candle, made either of wax (
cerea) or tallow (
sebacea), was used universally by the Romans before the invention of oil lamps (
lucernae) (Varr.
L. L. v. 119). They had for a wick the pith
of a kind of rush called
scirpus (
Plin.
H. N. xvi. 178). In Livy (
xl. 29)
fasces candelis involuti appear to be packets wrapped up in a kind of waxed
cloth. In later times candelae were only used by the poorer classes; the houses of the more
wealthy were always lighted by
lucernae (
Juv.iii.
287). See Becker-Göll,
Gallus, ii. 390.