From such shameless business as that, Ctesiphon, you will therefore withdraw, if you are wise, and make your defence in your own person. For surely you will not put forth this excuse, that you have not the ability to speak. It was only the other day that you allowed yourself to be elected as envoy to Cleopatra, the daughter of Philip, to condole with her over the death of Alexander, king of the Molossians;This Alexander, brother of Philip's wife Olympias, married Philip's daughter Cleopatra. He was killed in Italy in 330 B.C.. in an expedition to aid the Tarentines. you would then be in a strange position today, if you should say that you have not the ability to speak. Have you, then, the ability to console a foreign woman in her grief, but when you have made a motion for pay, will you not speak in defence of it?
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 49 (search)
331/0 B.C.In the archonship of Aristophanes at Athens, the consuls at
Rome were Spurius Postumius and Titus Veturius.Aristophanes
was archon at Athens from July 331 to June 330 B.C. The Roman
consuls of 334 B.C. were Sp. Postumius Albinus and T. Veturius
Calvinus (Broughton, 1, p. 140). In this year King Alexander set in order the affairs
of Gaza and sent off Amyntas with ten ships to Macedonia,This was Amyntas the son of Andromenes (chap. 45.7). Curtius
4.6.30 mentions the same incident. His brother Simmias took over his battalion of the
phalanx in his absence. He rejoined Alexander in 331 (chap. 65.1; cp. Arrian. 3.16.10). with orders to enlist the young men who
were fit for military service. He himself with all his army marched on to Egypt and secured the
adhesion of all its cities without striking a blow. For since
the Persians had committed impieties against the temples and had governed harshly, the
Egyptians welcomed th
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 82 (search)
ecame archon at Athens
and at Rome Lucius Platius and Lucius Papirius became consuls. The one hundred and thirteenth
Olympic Games were held.Euthycritus was archon at Athens
from July of 328 to June of 327 B.C. The Roman consuls of 330 B.C. were L. Papirius Crassus and L. Plautius Venno (Broughton,
1.143). The Olympic Games were those of July 328. Diodorus neglected to name the winner of the
foot race, who was Cliton of Macedonia, according to Eusebius, Chronikon. By
now, Diodorus's chronology is seriously off; it can have been no later than the autumn of
330 B.C., "at the setting of the Pleiades" (Strabo 15.2.10). In this year Alexander marched against the
so-called Paropanisadae, whose country lies in the extreme
north; it is snow-covered and not easily approached by other tribes because of the extreme
cold. The most of it is a plain and woodless, and divided up among many villages.Curtius 7.3.5-18; Justin 12.5.9; Arrian. 3.28
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 110 (search)
Since there were by now sons of
the Macedonians born of captive women, he determined the exact number of these. There were
about ten thousand, and he set aside for them revenues sufficient to provide them with an
upbringing proper for freeborn children, and set over them teachers to give them their proper
training.Plut. Alexander
71.5; Arrian 7.12 (stating that these were the children
of the veterans who returned to Macedonia); Justin 12.4.6 (under
330 B.C.).After this he
marched with his army from Susa, crossed the Tigris, and encamped in the villages called Carae.
Thence for four days he marched through Sittacene and came to
the place called Sambana.Diodorus's topography is confused.
His tradition (shared by Curtius) does not place the mutiny at Opis, as does Arrian; hence
Alexander is still at Susa. The "Carian" villages were in Babylonia (Book 19.12.1) and so on
the right bank of the Tigris; Sittacene w
ered no disaster, so that they even refused to admit that they had yet been worsted in a land battle. For Leonidas, they said, had won the victory480 B.C., but his followers were insufficient for the entire destruction of the Persians; the achievement of Demosthenes and the Athenians on the island of Sphacteria425 B.C. was no victory, but only a trick in war.
Their first reverse took place in Boeotia, and they afterwards suffered a severe defeat at the hands of Antipater and the Macedonians330 B.C.. Thirdly the war with Demetrius295 B.C. came as an unexpected misfortune to their land. Invaded by Pyrrhus and seeing a hostile army for the fourth time, they arrayed themselves to meet it along with the Argives and Messenians who had come as their allies. Pyrrhus won the day, and came near to capturing Sparta without further fighting, but desisted for a while after ravaging the land and carrying off plunder.272 B.C. The citizens prepared for a siege, and Sparta even before this in the wa
for a considerable time. But later, because of their prosperity, luxury prevailed to such an extent that the public festivals celebrated among them every year were more in number than the days of the year; and in consequence of this they also were poorly governed. One evidence of their bad policies is the fact that they employed foreign generals; for they sent for AlexanderAlexander I was appointed king of Epeirus by Philip of Macedonia about 342 B.C., and was killed by a Luecanian about 330 B.C. (cp. 6. 1. 5). the Molossian to lead them in their war against the Messapians and Leucanians, and, still before that, for Archidamus,Archidamus III, king of Sparta, was born about 400 B.C. and lost his life in 338 B.C. in this war. the son of Agesilaüs, and, later on, for Cleonymus,Little is know of this Cleonymus, save that he was the son of Cleomenes II, who reigned at Sparta 370-309 B.C. and Agathocles,Agathocles (b. about 361 B.C.—d. 289 B.C.) was a tyrant of Syracuse. He appears to
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK VI., CHAPTER I. (search)
ngly fortified, before which Alexander the Molossian king was overthrown. This prince was led astray by the oracle of Dodona,
which commanded him to avoid Acheron and Pandosia;
Ai)aki/dh, profu/lacaco molei=n )Axerou/sion u(/dwr
Pandosi/hn q', o(/qi toi qa/natos peprwme/nos e)sti/.
Son of Æacus, beware of approaching the Acherusian water and Pandosia, where death is destined for thee. for
places with names like these being pointed out in Thesprotia,
caused him to lose his lifeAbout B. C. 330. here. The position has three
summits, and the river Acheron flows by it. He was also
mistaken in another oracle,
O Pandosia, thou three-topp'd hill,
Hereafter many people thou shalt kill;
for he thought that it foreshowed the destruction of his enemies, and not of his own people. They say that PandosiaCommentators generally agree that this is the Pandosia memorable
for the defeat and death of Alexander, king of Epirus. The early Calabrian antiquaries have placed it at Castel Franc
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK VI., CHAPTER III. (search)
mber the days of the year; and hence
arose an inefficient government, and as one proof of their un-
statesmanlike acts we may adduce their employment of foreign
generals; for they sent for Alexander,About 332 or 339 B. C. See Heyn. Opusc. Acad. tom. ii. p. 141. king of the Molossi,
to come and assist them against the Messapii and Leucani.
They had before that employed Archidamus, the son of
Agesilaus;About 338 B. C. afterwards they called in CleonymusAbout 303 B. C. and Agathocles,About 330 B. C. and later, when they rose against the Romans, Pyrrhus.About 281 B. C. They were not able even to retain the respect of those
whom they had invited, but rather merited their disgust.
Alexander [of Epirus] was so displeased with them that lie
endeavoured to remove the seat of the general council of the
Greek states in Italy, which was accustomed to assemble at
Heraclea, a city of the Tarentines, to a city of the Thurii;
and he commanded that some place on the river Acalandrus,Cramer
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK XIV., CHAPTER I. (search)
r of Alexander the Great, and
of other works. He was of the aristocratic or Macedonian party. Theocritus, his contemporary, was a poet, orator, and historian ; he was of the
democratic party. To these, among illustrious natives of Chios, may be
added Œnopides the astronomer and mathematician, who was the discoverer of the obliquity of the ecliptic and the cycle of 59 years, for bringing the lunar and solar years into accordance; Nessus the philosopher;
his disciple Metrodorus (about B. C. 330) the sceptic, and master of Hippocrates; Scymnus the geographer, and author of a description of the
earth. the tragic
writer, Theopompus the historian, and Theocritus the sophist.
The two latter persons were opposed to each other in the
political parties in the state. The Chians claim Homer as a
native of their country, alleging as a proof the Homeridæ,
as they are called, descendants from his family, whom Pindar
mentions:
Whence also the Homeridæ, the chanters of the rhapsodies, most
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK XVII., CHAPTER III. (search)
Cyrene is said to have
been founded by Battus,B. C. 631. whom Callimachus claims to have
been his ancestor. The city flourished from the excellence of
the soil, which is peculiarly adapted for breeding horses, and
the growth of fine crops. It has produced many men of
distinction, who have shown themselves capable of worthily
maintaining the freedom of the place, and firmly resisting the
barbarians of the interior; hence the city was independent in
ancient times, but subsequentlyB. C. 330. it was attacked [successfully] by the Macedonians, (who had conquered Egypt, and
thus increased their power,) under the command of Thibron
the murderer of Harpalus: having continued for some time
to be governed by kings, it finally came under the power of
the Romans, and with Crete forms a single province. In
the neighbourhood of Cyrene are Apollonia, Barca, Taucheira,
Berenice, and other small towns close by.
Bordering upon Cyrenaica is the district which produces
silphium, and the
