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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
he custom of Nebuchadnezzar to have his name stamped on every brick that was used during his reign in erecting his colossal palaces. Those palaces fell to ruins, but from the ruins the ancient materials were carried away for building new cities; and in examining the bricks in the walls of the modern city of Baghdad, on the borders of the Tigris, Sir Henry Rawlinson discovered on each the clear traces of that royal signature. — Muller, Science of language. See also Researches of della Valli, 1616; and Rich, 1815. These bricks are red or pale yellow, and are sometimes disposed in mosaic. Their sizes vary 12 × 12 x 3 inches to 19 1/2 inches square and 3 1/2 thick. Some are rounded at the corners for quoins or special work. The bricks are almost universally stamped out of a mold, and impressed with cuneiform inscriptions in a sunken rectangular panel. The inscription on the brick (Fig. 895) is, — Nebuchadnezzar the King of Babylon, founder of Beth-Digla, or Saggalu, and of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
ion was distinctly described by Realdus Columbus in his De Re Anatomica, published in 1559, and by Andrew Caesalpinus, who also noticed the refluent motion of the blood in the veins. Sylvius noticed the venal valves. Fabricius, of Acquapendente, noticed that they all opened towards the heart. William Harvey, born in 1578, studied at Cambridge, and under Fabricius at Paula, and made the discovery of the nature of the arterial and venal circulations, and the complete double circulation, in 1616. Lancets of copper were disinterred in Pompeii in 1819, in the house of a Roman surgeon in the Via Consularis. They were in company with a probe, bullet-hook, catheters, forceps of various kinds, needle, lever for raising depressed bones, cautery, spatulas, etc. 2. (Metal-working.) The tapping-bar of a metal furnace. Lan′cet-arch. （Masonry.) An arch with a sharply pointed top. See arch. Lan′cet-win′dow. （Architecture.) A high, narrow window terminating in a very p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
oss the width of the sheet, the rolled ends of which were held vertically in the respective hands. When one column was read, another was exposed to view by unrolling it from the end in the left hand, while the former was hidden from view by rolling up the end grasped by the right hand. The pen was a reed, the ink black, carried in a bottle suspended from the girdle. The Samaritan Pentateuch is very ancient, as is proved by the criticisms of Talmudic writers. A copy of it was acquired in 1616 by Pietro della Valle, one of the first discoverers of the cuneiform inscriptions. It was thus introduced to the notice of Europe. It is claimed by the Samaritans of Nablus that their copy was written by Abisha, the great-grandson of Aaron, in the thirteenth year of the settlement of the land of Canaan by the Children of Israel. The copies of it brought to Europe are all written in black ink on vellum or cotton paper, and vary from 12mo to folio. The scroll used by the Samaritans is writt
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
nter was occupied by the sun, which was immovable, like the other stars, while the earth revolved around it. Turning the invention to immediate account, Galileo discovered the spots on the sun. On January 7, 1610, he discovered three of the moons of Jupiter, and the fourth shortly after. His discovery of the phases of Venus furnished another proof of the truth of the heliocentric theory. The papal persecution which followed Bruno, who was burnt in 1600, and Galileo, who was denounced in 1616, are familiar to readers. Galileo was visited by Milton while in prison, became blind, then deaf, and died a prisoner of the Inquisition, which followed him after death, denied his right to make a will, to be buried in consecrated ground, or to have a monument. The nineteenth century has attended to the latter duty. The eye-glasses of the Galilean telescope were double-concave. Kepler first pointed out the possibility of making telescopes with two convex lenses. Scheiner, in 1650, redu
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
le Anglo-Saxon umbrella Fig. 6857 is from the Harleian Manuscript, No. 603, and represents a servant holding an umbrella over his master. Its use during the Middle Ages in Europe is frequently noted in monkish chronicles. They are mentioned in Florio's Worlde of Wordes, 1598 ( ombrella, a fan, a canopie; also a testern or cloth of state for a prince; also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they vse to ride with in summer in Italy; a little shade ), and by Ben Jonson, in a comedy, 1616, and were used by ladies in the time of Queen Anne. Du Cange mentions the custom of contracting and expanding them. Cotgrave, in his History of the English and French tongues, speaks of the French ombrelle. Montaigne refers to its use in Italy. M. de la Loubere, ambassador from France to Siam, 1687-88, states that the King of Siam had a triple umbrella, several frames and covers being fastened to the same stick. This was a royal right. The nobles had single umbrellas. Common people
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
n alternate directions. The empty one in descending forms a partial counterbalance for the ascending bucket of water. Reciprocating buckets. Fig. 7149 shows an arrangement by which the lip of the elevated bucket is engaged so as to tip the bucket and spill the contents into a trough, which has a discharge-spout on the outside of the curb. An automatic reciprocation of two buckets having varying capacities when full and weights when empty was invented by Gironimo Ferugio at Rome, in 1616. The bucket a is larger than the bucket b, and consequently holds more, giving a the preponderance over b when full. When empty, b weighs more than a, being purposely weighted, giving b the preponderance when it descends for another load from the cistern. The tank e is constantly supplied with water, which as constantly escapes by the spout f. The water escaping from the cistern e into bucket a depresses the same and raises a smaller quantity of water in the bucket b to the elevated cist