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The writings of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 1. (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier) 1 1 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 30. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 1 1 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 23. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 1 1 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 19. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 1 1 Browse Search
George Ticknor, Life, letters and journals of George Ticknor (ed. George Hillard) 1 1 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 1 1 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Carlyle's laugh and other surprises 1 1 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 3 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 1 1 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Walcott Boynton, Reader's History of American Literature 1 1 Browse Search
Elias Nason, The Life and Times of Charles Sumner: His Boyhood, Education and Public Career. 1 1 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colonial settlements. (search)
the Dutch East India Company. Dutch traders were soon afterwards seated there and on the site of Albany, 150 miles up the Hudson River. The government of Holland granted exclusive privilege to Amsterdam merchants to traffic with the Indians on the Hudson, and the country was called New Netherland. The Dutch West India Company was formed in 1621, with unrestricted control over New Netherland. They bought Manhattan Island of the Indians for about $24, paid chiefly in cheap trinkets, and in 1623 thirty families from Holland landed there and began a settlement. Then were laid the foundations of the State of New York, as New Netherland was called after it passed into the possession of the English. Late in 1620 a company of English Puritans (Puritans) who had fled from persecution to Holland, crossed the Atlantic and landed on the shores of Massachusetts, by permission of the Plymouth Company (see Plymouth Company). They built a town and called it New Plymouth; they organized a civil
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Connecticut (search)
opean, Adriaen Block (q. v.), at the mouth of the Connecticut River, in 1613. That stream the Dutch called Versch-water (freshwater) River; the Indians called it Quanek-ta-cut, long river. The Dutch laid claim to the adjoining territory by right of discovery, while the English made a counter-claim soon afterwards, based upon a patent issued by the King to English subjects. The agent of the Dutch West India Company took formal possession by proclamation of the Connecticut Valley as early as 1623 in the name of the States-General of Holland, and a peaceable and profitable trade with the Indians might have been carried on had not the Dutch exasperated the natives by seizing one of their chiefs and demanding a heavy ransom for his release. A Dutch embassy which visited Plymouth tried to get the Pilgrims to abandon Cape Cod Bay and seat themselves, under the jurisdiction of New Netherland, in the fertile Connecticut Valley, and a Mohegan chief, moved by equally strong self-interest, inv
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Dutch West India Company. (search)
, in which one delegate represented the States-General, by whom the company was guaranteed protection, and received assistance to the amount of $380,000. The company was organized on June 21, 1623; and with such a charter, such powers, and such privileges, it began the settlement and development of New Netherland. The English claimed the domain, and the Dutch hastened to acquire eminent domain, according to the policy of England, by planting permanent settlements there; and the same year (1623) they sent over thirty families, chiefly Walloons, to Manhattan. The management of New Netherland was intrusted to the Amsterdam chamber. Their traffic was successful. In 1624 the exports from Amsterdam, in two ships, were worth almost $10,000, and the returns from New Netherland were considerably more. The company established a trading-post, called Fort Orange, on the site of Albany, and traffic was extended eastward to the Connecticut River, and even to Narraganset Bay; northward to the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maine, (search)
r of the Plymouth Company, and in 1621 the company, having granted the country east of the St. Croix to Sir William Alexander (q. v.), established that river as the eastern boundary of Maine. Monhegan Island was first settled (1622) and next Saco (1623); and in 1629 the Plymouth Company, perceiving its own dissolution to be inevitable, parcelled out the territory in small grants. In the course of three years the whole coast had been thus disposed of as far east as the Penobscot River. East of owned the province of Maine in France. In 1636 Gorges sent over his nephew, William Gorges, as governor of his domain, and he established his government at Saco, where, indeed, there had been an The old jail at York. organized government since 1623, when Robert Gorges was governor under the Plymouth Company. In 1639 Sir Ferdinando was appointed governor-general of New England, and his son Thomas was sent as lieutenant to administer the laws in 1640. He established himself at Agamenticus (
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mason, John 1610- (search)
Founder of New Hampshire; born in Lynn Regis, Norfolk, England; commanded an expedition to subdue a rebellion in the Hebrides in 1610, and went to Newfoundland as governor in 1616. He surveyed the island, made a map of it (published in 1626), and wrote a description of it. In 1617 he explored the New England coasts, and obtained from the Council of Plymouth a tract of land there in 1622. With Fernando Gorges, he procured a patent for another tract (see Maine), and sent a colony there in 1623. In 1629 he obtained a patent for the domain which he called New Hampshire. In the same year he acquired, with Gorges, another tract, which embraced the country around Lake Champlain; and in 1631 Mason, Gorges, and others formed a company for trading with the natives of New England and to make settlements there. In 1633 Mason became a member of the council for New England and its vice-president. He was also judge of the courts of Hampshire, England, in 1665, and in October was appointed v
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts, (search)
s, and William Bradford (q. v.) Was his successor. Their spiritual leader was Elder William Brewster (q. v.). They made a treaty of friendship with Massasoit (q. v.), sachem of the surrounding Indians, and it was long maintained inviolate. In petty hostilities with other chiefs, Capt. Miles Standish (q. v.), a valiant soldier, was very useful. Other Puritans joined the Pilgrims, and other settlements were soon attempted; but the little colony at New Plymouth suffered much at times until 1623, when they were blessed with a bountiful harvest. The community system of labor was abandoned, and in 1627 the colonists dissolved their partnership with the London merchants, and became sole proprietors of the soil. As the Pilgrims could not obtain a patent, they quietly lived under their own simple form of government and prospered. An Engglish company obtained a grant of territory on Massachusetts Bay and sent over John Endicott (q. v.), with 100 settlers, who seated themselves at Naumke
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massasoit, 1580- (search)
der how the King could live without a wife (for the Queen was then dead). Massasoit had just returned home, and had no food to offer the envoys, who craved rest by sleep. He laid us, wrote one of them, on a bed with himself and his wife—they at the one end and we at the other; it being only planks laid a foot from the ground, and a thin mat upon them. Two more of his chief men, for want of room, pressed by and upon us, so that we were more wearied of our lodging than of our journey. In 1623, when Massasoit was very sick, Winslow again visited him, and, in gratitude for the attention of the Englishman, the sachem revealed a plot of the Indians to destroy the white people. Thirteen years later, when Roger Williams, banished from Massachusetts, was making his way towards Narraganset Bay, he was kindly entertained by Massasoit for several weeks. A contemporary writer says the Wampanoag king was a portly man in his best years; grave of countenance and spare of speech. He left two
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), May, Cornelius Jacobsen (search)
May, Cornelius Jacobsen Colonial governor; commanded the Dutch tradingvessel Fortune on a trading excursion to Manhattan in 1613. The next year he coasted along New England to Martha's Vineyard. In 1620 he was on the coasts and rivers southward of Manhattan, in the ship Glad Tidings, visited Chesapeake Bay, and sailed up the James River to Jamestown. The bay at the mouth of the Delaware River the Dutch called New Port May, in compliment to their commander, and the southern extremity of New Jersey is still known as Cape May. In the spring of 1623, Captain May conveyed to Manhattan thirty families, chiefly Walloons,. in the ship New Netherland, with Adriaen Joris as lieutenant. May remained at Manhattan as first director or governor of the colony. He was succeeded by William Verhulst, second director of New Netherland, and returned to Holland. Excepting his career in America, little is known of his life.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morton, Nathaniel 1613- (search)
Morton, Nathaniel 1613- Historian, born in Leyden, Holland, in 1613; came to America in 1623, and was secretary of the Plymouth colony from 1647 until his death, June 29, 1685. His New England Memorial was prepared chiefly from the manuscripts of his uncle, Gov. William Bradford (q. v.). It relates chiefly to the history of the Plymouth colony. In 1680 he wrote a history of the church at Plymouth.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colony of New Hampshire, (search)
, and secure the country to the Protestants, Gorges secured a grant from Sir William Alexander of the whole mainland eastward of the St Croix River, excepting a small part of Acadia. Mason had already obtained a grant of land (March 2, 1621) extending from Salem to the mouth of the Merrimac, which he called Mariana; and the same year a colony of fishermen seated themselves at Little Harbor, on the Piscataqua, just below the site of Portsmouth. Other fishermen settled on the site of Dover (1623), and there were soon several fishing-stations, but no permanent settlement until 1629, when Mason built a house near the mouth of the Piscataqua, and called the place Portsmouth. He and Gorges had agreed to divide their domain at the Piscataqua, and Mason, obtaining a patent for his portion of the territory, named it New Hampshire. He had been governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England, and these names were given in commemoration of the fact. In the same year (1629), Rev. Mr. Wheelwrig
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