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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
e scale, as at the Mont Cenis and Hoosac tunnels, and is extensively employed in coal-mining, serving to ventilate the shaft besides performing the functions of a motor. The drilling-machines to which it is applied are various, very great improvements having been made within the past 20 or 25 years, previous to which time the old systems of turning the drill, and boring or pounding by hand, held undisputed sway. In 1849, Clark and Motley, in England, invented a machinedrill, and in 1851, Fowle devised a similar machine, having the drill directly attached to the piston cross-head and provided with an automatic feed-apparatus. To this succeeded the Hotchkiss and Gardner machine. It has an automatic feed, and the drill is air-cushioned to deaden its shock, enabling it to be worked very rapidly without injury to the stationary parts. The Mont Cenis and Hoosac tunnels gave a great impetus to this class of inventions, among which were a number intended for excavating the whole face