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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 30 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Big Black River, battle at. (search)
r, and communicated their own panic to the troops there. They expected the Nationals would immediately Rattle at Rig Black River. cross the stream; so they burned both bridges — cutting off the retreat of their comrades, who were yet fighting. They fled pell-mell towards the defences around Vicksburg. the assailed garrison, about 1,500 strong, was captured, with seventeen guns, several thousand small-arms, and a large quantity of stores. They lost, in killed and wounded, 262 men. General Osterhaus, of the Nationals, was wounded, View on the Big Black River. and the command of his troops devolved upon Brig.-Gen. A. L. Lee. Sharp-shooters in the works on the high banks across the river covered the retreat of the Confederates, and for hours kept the Nationals from constructing floating bridges. Grant's pontoon train was with Sherman, who had been making his way from Jackson to another point (above) on the Big Black River. The Confederates at the bridge fled to Vicksburg. A fl
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Champion Hills, battle of (search)
public property, the remainder of the army turned their faces towards Vicksburg. Pemberton was at or near Edwards's Station, with about 25,000 troops and ten batteries of artillery. Blair moved towards the station, followed by McClernand and Osterhaus; while McPherson, on another road, kept up communication with McClernand. Pemberton had advanced to Champion Hills, when a note from Johnston caused him to send his trains back to the Big Black River; and he was about to follow with his troops and, at five o'clock, gave way. The rest of his army became so confused and disheartened that they began to fly. Seeing this. Pemberton ordered his whole army to retreat towards the Big Black River; when Grant ordered the fresh brigades of Osterhaus and Carr to follow with all speed, and cross the river, if possible. In the retreat Pemberton lost many of his troops, made prisoners. This battle was fought mainly by Hovey's division of McClernand's corps and Logan's and Quinby's divisions
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hindman, Fort (search)
A Confederate fortification at Arkansas Post, Ark., on the Arkansas River, 73 miles southeast of Little Rock. In the winter of 1862-63, General Sherman and Commodore Porter planned an attack upon the fort. General McClernand, who had arrived and taken the chief command, accompanied the expedition from near Vicksburg. The troops landed, about 25,000 strong, 3 miles below the fort, on Jan. 9, 1863, and were led by Generals McClernand, Sherman, Morgan, Steele, Stewart, A. J. Smith, and Osterhaus. Porter had a strong flotilla of Plan of the attack on Fort Hindman. armored and unarmored gunboats. The latter, moving on, shelled the Confederates out of their rifle-pits; and on the 11th the army moved against Fort Hindman. When the gunboats opened fire upon it, Morgan's artillery covered the advance. After a fight for about two hours, the Confederates raised a white flag, while troops, which had stormed the works, were swarming over them. The Nationals lost 977 men, of whom 129 we
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Missionary Ridge, battle of (search)
f artillery, small-arms, ammunition, wagons, and stores. He then attempted to clear the ridge of Confederates, but found them strongly fortified behind the intrenchments cast up there by Thomas at the time of the battle of Chickamauga (q. v.). Osterhaus was leading the Nationals parallel with the ridge on its eastern side, while Cruft was ordered to move along its crest, and Geary, with the batteries, marched up the valley on the western side. This dangerous movement in the valley Bragg's sainder of Cruft's column formed in battle-line, and moving at a charging pace, steadily pushed the Confederates back, their front line, under General Stewart, retreating, while fighting, upon the second line, under General Bate, while Geary and Osterhaus were pouring murderous fires upon their flanks. So the half-running fight continued until near sunset, when the Confederates broke into confusion and fled, and fully 2,000 of them were made prisoners. Hooker's victory in that part of the fi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Osterhaus, Peter Joseph 1820- (search)
Osterhaus, Peter Joseph 1820- Military officer; born in Coblentz, Germany, about 1820; served as an officer in the Prussian army; removed to St. Louis, Mo., where he entered the National service in 1861 as major of volunteers. He served under Lyon and Fremont in Missouri, commanding a brigade under the latter. He Fort Oswegatchie in 1812. commanded a division in the battle of Pea Ridge, and greatly distinguished himself. In June, 1862, he was made brigadier-general, and, commanding a division, he helped to capture Arkansas late in January, 1863. He was in the campaign against Vicksburg and in northern Georgia, and in 1864 he was in the Atlanta campaign In command of the 15th Corps, he was with Sherman in his march through Georgia and South Carolina. In July, 1864, he was made major-general, and in 1865 he was Canby's chief of staff at the surrender of Kirby Smith. He was mustered out of the service and appointed consul at Lyons, France, and afterwards made his home in Ma
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pea Ridge, battle of. (search)
o each party, the lines of strife swaying like a pendulum. At 11 A. M. the pickets on Curtis's extreme right under Major Weston were violently assailed, and Colonel Osterhaus, with a detachment of Iowa cavalry and Davidson's Peoria Battery, supported by Missouri cavalry and Indiana infantry, attacked a portion of Van Dorn's troopsre he was fairly ready for battle. Colonel Carr went to the assistance of Weston, and a severe engagement ensued. Thus the battle near Pea Ridge was opened. Osterhaus met with a warm reception, for the woods were swarming with Confederates. His cavalry were driven back, when General Davis came to his rescue with General Sig now became fugitives, and in their flight they left their dead and wounded on the field. Among the latter were Generals McCulloch and McIntosh, mortally hurt. Osterhaus, and Sigel with his heavy guns, Map of battle of Pea Ridge. now went to the assistance of Colonel Carr on the right. But Carr had held his ground. There were
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Port Gibson, battle of. (search)
and was confronted by a strong force from Vicksburg, under General Bowen, advantageously posted. The Nationals were divided for the occasion. On McClernand's right were the divisions of Generals Hovey, Carr, and Smith, and on his left that of Osterhaus. The former pressed the Confederates steadily back to Port Gibson. The troops of Osterhaus were reinforced by a brigade of General Logan's division of the advance of McPherson's corps, and others were sent to help McClernand. Late in the afof Osterhaus were reinforced by a brigade of General Logan's division of the advance of McPherson's corps, and others were sent to help McClernand. Late in the afternoon the Confederates were repulsed and pursued to Port Gibson. Night ended the conflict, and under its cover the Confederates fled across a bayou, burning the bridges behind them, and retreated towards Vicksburg. The Nationals lost in this battle 840 men, of whom 130 were killed. They captured guns and flags and 580 prisoners.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ringgold, battle of (search)
rds Ringgold they destroyed the bridges behind them. Early the next morning, Sherman, Palmer, and Hooker were sent in pursuit. Both Sherman and Palmer struck a rear-guard of the fugitives late on the same day, and the latter captured three guns from them. At Greysville Sherman halted and sent Howard to destroy a large section of the railway which connected Dalton with Cleveland, and thus severed the communication between Bragg and Burnside. Hooker, meanwhile, had pushed on to Ringgold, Osterhaus leading, Geary following, and Cruft in the rear, making numerous prisoners of stragglers. At a deep gorge General Cleburne, covering Bragg's retreat, made a stand, with guns well posted. Hooker's guns had not yet come up, and his impatient troops were permitted to attack the Confederates with small-arms only. A severe struggle ensued, and in the afternoon, when some of Hooker's guns were in position and the Confederates were flanked, the latter retreated. The Nationals lost 432 men, of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sherman, William Tecumseh 1820-1829 (search)
turned his forces towards Atlanta, his troops destroying all the mills and foundries at Rome, and dismantling the railway from the Etowah River to the Chattahoochee. The railways around Atlanta were destroyed, and on Nov. 14 the forces destined for the great march were concentrated around the doomed city. Those forces were composed of four army corps, the right wing commanded by Gen. O. O. Howard, and the left wing by Gen. H. W. Slocum. Howard's right was composed of the corps of Generals Osterhaus and Blair, and the left of the corps of Gen. J. C. Davis and A. S. Williams. General Kilpatrick commanded the cavalry, consisting of one division. Sherman's entire force numbered 60,000 infantry and artillery and 5,500 cavalry. On Nov. 11 Sherman cut the telegraph wires that connected Atlanta with Washington, and his army became an isolated column in the heart of an enemy's country. It began its march for the sea on the morning of the 14th, when the entire city of Atlanta—excepting
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Woods, Charles Robert 1827-1885 (search)
les Robert 1827-1885 Military officer; born in Newark, O., Feb. 19, 1827; graduated at West Point in 1852. Early in 1861 he was quartermaster on General Patterson's staff, and in October became colonel of the 76th Ohio Volunteers. He was at the capture of Fort Donelson and in the battle of Shiloh. In the Southwest, after July, 1862, he commanded a brigade in the 15th Corps, performing gallant service at Arkansas Post (see Hindman, Fort). He was in nearly all the battles around Vicksburg in 1863, and was made brigadier-general in August of that year. He commanded and led a brigade in the contests on Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and in the Atlanta campaign he was conspicuous. In the campaign through Georgia to the sea, and through the Carolinas, he led a division of Osterhaus's corps. In March, 1865, he was brevetted major-general, United States army, and in 1874 was promoted colonel of the 2d United States Infantry and retired. He died in Newark, O., Feb. 26, 1885.