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Browsing named entities in Aristotle, Politics. You can also browse the collection for Athens (Greece) or search for Athens (Greece) in all documents.

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Aristotle, Politics, Book 1, section 1252b (search)
d, and HesiodHes. WD 405. was right when he wrote First and foremost a house and a wife and an ox for the ploughing— for the ox serves instead of a servant for the poor. The partnership therefore that comes about in the course of nature for everyday purposes is the ‘house,’ the persons whom CharondasA law-giver of Catana in Sicily, 6th century B.C. or earlier. speaks of as ‘meal-tub-fellows’ and the Cretan EpimenidesA poet and prophet invited to Athens 596 B.C. to purify it of plague. as ‘manger-fellows.’The variant reading o(moka/pnous, ‘smoke-sharers,’ seems to mean ‘hearth-fellows.’ On the other hand the primary partnership made up of several households for the satisfaction of not mere daily needs is the village. The village according to the most natural account seems to be a colony fromPerhaps the Greek should be altered to give ‘consists of colonies from.’ a ho
Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, section 1267b (search)
he baseness of human beings is a thing insatiable, and though at the first a dole of only two obolsTwopence-halfpenny for a seat in the theater at Athens paid for citizens by the State after the time of Pericles. is enough, yet when this has now become an established custom, they always want more, until , the laborers employed upon the public works ought to be of that status （as is the case at Epidamnus and as Diophantus once tried to institute at Athens）.These remarks may serve fairly well to indicate such meritsand defects as may be contained in the constitution of Phaleas.HippodamusA famous arce owing to a desire for distinction, so that some people thought that he lived too fussily, with a quantity of hairAt Sparta men wore their hair long, but at Athens this was the mark of a dandy. and expensive ornaments, and also a quantity of cheap yet warm clothes not only in winter but also in the summer periods,
Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, section 1268a (search)
ate of the law he thought unsatisfactory, since it forces jurors to commit perjury by giving either the one verdict or the other. He proposed a law that those who discovered something of advantage to the state should receive honor, and that the children of those who died in war should have their maintenance from the state, in the belief that this had never yet been provided by law among other people—but as a matter of fact this law exists at present both at Athens and in others of the cities. The governing officials were all to be chosen by the assembly of the people, and this he made to consist of the three classes of the city; and the officials elected were to superintend the business of the community and the affairs of foreign residents and of orphans. These then are the greatest number and the most noteworthy of the provisions in the system of Hippodamus. But doubt might be raised first of all about the division
Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, section 1274b (search)
perties; to Plato,Above, 1-3 community of wives and children and of property, and the common meals for the women, and also the law about drunkenness, enacting that sober persons are to be masters of the drinking-bouts, and the regulation for military training to make men ambidextrous during drill, on the ground that it is a mistake to have one of the two hands useful but the other useless.）There are laws of Draco,Author of the first written code at Athens, 621 B.C. （though in Aristot. Ath. Pol. 4, his legislation is hardly mentioned; he appears there as the framer of the constitution）. but he legislated for an existing constitution, and there is nothing peculiar in his laws that is worthy of mention, except their severity in imposing heavy punishment. PittacusOf Mitylene in Lesbos, one of the Seven Sages, dictator 589-579 B.C. also was a framer of laws, but not of a constitution; a special law of his is that if men c<
Aristotle, Politics, Book 3, section 1275b (search)
r further. But given this as a practical and hasty definition, some people raise the difficulty, How will that ancestor three or four generations back have been a citizen? GorgiasSicilian orator and nihilistic philosopher, visited Athens 427 B.C. of Leontini therefore, partly perhaps in genuine perplexity but partly in jest, said that just as the vessels made by mortar-makers were mortars, so the citizens made by the magistrates were Larisaeans, since some ofiginal colonizers or founders of a city.But perhaps a question rather arises about those who were admitted to citizenship when a revolution had taken place, for instance such a creation of citizens as that carried outIn 509 B.C. at Athens by Cleisthenes after the expulsion of the tyrants, when he enrolled in his tribes many resident aliens who had been foreigners or slaves. The dispute as to these is not about the fact of their citizenship, but whether they received
Aristotle, Politics, Book 3, section 1287a (search)
rly not just, men say, for one person to be governor when all the citizens are alike. It may be objected that any case which the law appears to be unable to define, a human being also would be unable to decide. But the law first specially educates the magistrates for the purpose and then commissions them to decide and administer the matters that it leaves over ‘according to the best of their judgement,’This formula came in the oath taken by the dicasts at Athens. and furthermore it allows them to introduce for themselves any amendment that experience leads them to think better than the established code. He therefore that recommends that the law shall govern seems to recommend that God and reason alone shall govern, but he that would have man govern adds a wild animal also; for appetite is like a wild animal, and also passion warps the rule even of the best men. Therefore the law is wisdom without desire. And there seems
Aristotle, Politics, Book 4, section 1291b (search)
instance classes of the people are, one the farmers, another the class dealing with the arts and crafts, another the commercial classoccupied in buying and selling and another the one occupied with the sea—and this is divided into the classes concerned with naval warfare, with trade, with ferrying passengers and with fishing （for each of these classes is extremely numerous in various places, for instance fishermen at Tarentum and Byzantium, navy men at Athens, the mercantile class at Aegina and Chios, and the ferryman-class at Tenedos）, and in addition to these the hand-working class and the people possessing little substance so that they cannot live a life of leisure, also those that are not free men of citizen parentage on both sides, and any other similar class of common people; while among the notables wealth, birth, virtue, education, and the distinctions that are spoken of in the same group as these, form the <
Aristotle, Politics, Book 4, section 1298b (search)
one that exists in certain constitutional governments under the flame of Preliminary Councillors or Guardians of the Law,There were pro/bouloi at Corinth as well as a boulh/ and an e)kklhsi/a; and nomofu/lakes at Sparta, Athens and elsewhere: at Athens they sat with the presidents of the boulh/ and e)kklhsi/a to check illegal procedure. and deal with the matters about which these officials have held a preliminary deliberation （for thus the common people Athens they sat with the presidents of the boulh/ and e)kklhsi/a to check illegal procedure. and deal with the matters about which these officials have held a preliminary deliberation （for thus the common people will have a share in deliberation and will not have the power to abolish any part of the constitution）, and then for the people by their vote either to confirm or at all events not to pass anything contrary to the resolutions brought before them, or to allow all to take part in debate but only the magistrates to frame resolutions; and in fact it is proper to do just the opposite of what takes place in constitutionally governed states; for the common people ought to <
Aristotle, Politics, Book 4, section 1300b (search)
s, whether the jury is the same or different—namely, for cases of deliberate homicide, of involuntary homicide, of homicide admitted but claimed to be justifiable, and fourth to deal with charges of homicide brought against men that have fled from the country for homicide, upon their return,i.e. men that had been allowed to flee the country when charged with accidental homicide, and on their return were accused of another homicide, a willful murder. such as at Athens for instance the Court at Phreatto is said to be, although such cases are of rare occurrence in the whole course of history, even in the great states and of the aliens' court one branch hears suits of aliens against aliens and another of aliens against citizens）; and also beside all of these there are （8） courts to try cases of petty contracts, involving sums of one drachma, five drachmas or a little more—for even these cases have to be tried, though they are
Aristotle, Politics, Book 5, section 1302b (search)
he state and the power of the government; for such are the conditions that usually result in the rise of a monarchy or dynasty. Owing to this in some places they have the custom of temporary banishment,Cf. 1284a 18. as at Argos and Athens; yet it would be better to provide from the outset that there may be no persons in the stateso greatly predominant, than first to allow them to come into existence and afterwards to apply a remedy. Fear is the motive of factioger party）, and in democracies when the rich have begun to feel contempt for the disorder and anarchy that prevails, as for example at Thebes the democracy was destroyed owing to bad government after the battle of Oenophyta,Against Athens, 456 B.C. and that of the Megarians was destroyed when they had been defeated owing to disorder and anarchy,See 1300a 18 n. and at Syracuse before the tyranny485 B.C. of Gelo, and at RhodesSee 1302b 23 n. the common people had fallen in
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