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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nicaragua Canal. (search)
that the world has settled down upon the belief that only two routes can be the scene of the great commerce which is hoped for in the future. One is on the Isthmus of Panama, which is the least in actual distance from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the other takes its course through the peninsula which Map of the world showinelves. We have to build our harbors, one at Brito on the Pacific and the other at Greytown on the Caribbean Sea. The other canal has two harbors made by nature: Panama on the Pacific and Colon on the Atlantic. These harbors are already connected by a railroad built long ago, while on the other route a doubletrack railroad will e from the lake to both oceans before any work can be done. Transportation would otherwise be impossible in those almost uninhabited regions. From the harbor of Panama the ship is to go 7 1/2 miles on the sea-level to Miraflores, where she will be lifted by one lock 23 feet, more or less, depending on the state of the tide, whic
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Panama, Congress at (search)
Panama, Congress at In 1823 Simon Bolivar, the liberator of Colombia, South America, and then President of that republic, invited the governments of Mexico, Peru, Chile, and Buenos Ayres to unite with him in forming a general congress at Panama. Arrangements to that effect were made, but the congress was not held until July, 1826. The object was to settle upon some line of policy having the force of international law respecting the rights of those republics, and to adopt measures for prevPanama. Arrangements to that effect were made, but the congress was not held until July, 1826. The object was to settle upon some line of policy having the force of international law respecting the rights of those republics, and to adopt measures for preventing further colonization by European powers on the American continent. They fully accepted the Monroe doctrine (see Monroe, James). In the spring of 1825 the United States was invited to send commissioners to the congress. These were appointed early in 1826, and appeared at the congress early in July; but its results were not important to any of the parties concerned.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Panama Canal. (search)
mpany, headed by Count de Lesseps, of Suez Canal fame, which announced its intention of cutting a canal through the Isthmus of Panama. The French government authorized the company to begin operations, and $100,000,000 was subscribed for the enterpr8 International Canal Congress convened in ParisMay 15, 1879 Seven schemes proposed; canal from Gulf of Limon to Bay of Panama recommended (by 74-8)May 29, 1879 De Lesseps arrives at the isthmusDec. 31, 1879 Canal through Nicaragua proposed by Amtenced in the French court of appeals to imprisonment and fineFeb. 9, 1893 Congressional committee begin to investigate Panama frauds in AmericaFeb. 12. 1893 Plant and works gone to utter ruin and Decay1894 Panama Canal Company of America; caontinue the workJune 30, 1897 President McKinley appoints Admiral Walker, Colonel Ernst, and Colonel Hain, with five civil engineers, to examine the Nicaragua, Panama, and other available routesJune, 1899 Colombia extends concession toOct. 31, 19
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Panama Railway, the (search)
Panama Railway, the The first railway extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific side of the great isthmus that connects North and South America; was completed at the beginning of 1855. It extends from Aspinwall City on the Caribbean Sea to Panama on the Pacific Ocean. The first train passed over it on Jan. 28, 1855.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pizarro, Francisco 1476- (search)
m Santo Domingo to Central America in 1510, and assisted Vasco de Balboa Nuñez in establishing the settlement at Darien. Trafficking with the natives on the Isthmus of Panama, in 1515, he settled near the city of Panama founded there, and engaged in the cultivation of land by Indian slaves. With a priest and another illiterate aPanama founded there, and engaged in the cultivation of land by Indian slaves. With a priest and another illiterate adventurer named Almagro, he explored the southern coast, in 1524, with 100 followers in one vessel and seventy in another, under the last-named person. Their explorations were fruitless, except in information of Peru, the land of gold. He went as far as the borders of that land, plundered the people, carried some of them away, af governor or captain-general of the province when he had subdued it. With four of his brothers he crossed the Atlantic early in 1530. The following year he left Panama with 180 men and twenty-seven horses, on an expedition against Peru, leaving Almagro behind to procure provisions and reinforcements. After a voyage of about fou
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Postal service, federal (search)
300 miles, 5 cents; over 300 miles, 10 cents, and an additional rate for every additional halfounce or fraction thereof. In the next Congress unsuccessful efforts were made to increase the rates on letters, but on newspapers and magazines they were raised, and prepayment was required. Postage on circulars was raised to 3 cents, and newspaper postage to Oregon and California, at the close of the war with Mexico, was fixed at 4 1/2 cents each. The letter charge to California via Chagres and Panama was 40 cents. In 1851 a law was passed establishing the following rates of letter postage: For a letter of one-half ounce in weight, under 3,000 miles, if prepaid, 3 cents; or if not prepaid, 5 cents; over 3,000 miles, 6 or 12 cents; to foreign countries not over 2,500 miles, except where postal arrangements had been made, 10 cents; over 2,500 miles, 20 cents. Transient newspapers, circulars, and other printed matter, 1 cent an ounce under 500 miles, and greater distances in proportion.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Samoan, (search)
Samoan, A group of twelve islands in the Southern Pacific Ocean. They are located about 2,000 miles south and 300 miles west of the Hawaiian Islands and fourteen degrees south of the equator. They lie in an almost direct line between San A native village, Samoa. Francisco and Australia and slightly south of the direct steamship line connecting the Philippines with the proposed Panama or Nicaraguan interoceanic canals. Their especial importance, therefore, lies more in their position as coaling and repair stations on these great highways of commerce rather than in their direct commercial value, their population being small and their imports and exports of comparatively little importance. The group consists of ten inhabited and two uninhabited islands, with an area of 1,700 square miles and an aggregate population, according to latest estimates, of 36,000 people, of which something over 200 are British subjects, 125 Germans. 25 Americans, 25 French, and 25 of other national
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sergeant, John 1779-1852 (search)
Sergeant, John 1779-1852 Jurist; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 5, 1779; graduated at Princeton College in 1795; admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1799: appointed commissioner of bankruptcy by President Jefferson in 1801; served in the State legislature in 1808-10, and in Congress in 1815-23, 1827-29, and 1837-42; was active in promoting the Missouri Compromise; was an envoy to the Panama congress in 1826; president of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1830; and candidate for the Vice-Presidency of the United States on the ticket with Henry Clay in 1832. In 1841 he was offered and declined the mission to England. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 25, 1852.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Simonin, Louis Laurent 1830-1886 (search)
Simonin, Louis Laurent 1830-1886 Geologist; born in Marseilles, Aug. 22, 1830; was educated at the School of Mines, at Saint Étienne; and in 1852, engaged in engineering; made several voyages to the United States, visited Cuba, the West Indies, Central America, the Isthmus of Panama, Mexico, and California; was a member of the international jury for the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. Among his publications are The Great West of the United States; The American; American Society, and Gold and silver. He died in Paris, France, in June, 1886
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Smith, Thomas Kilby 1820-1887 (search)
Smith, Thomas Kilby 1820-1887 Military officer; born in Boston, Mass., Sept. 23, 1820; graduated at Cincinnati College in 1837 admitted to the bar in 1845. When the Civil War broke out he became lieutenantcolonel of the 54th Ohio Infantry; promoted colonel in October of the same year; and with his regiment was conspicuous for bravery at Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the Vicksburg campaign. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers in August, 1863; won distinction in protecting the gunboats at Sabine Cross-roads when the National army fell back and the fleet withdrew down the river; was brevetted major-general of volunteers in March, 1865; and appointed United States consul at Panama in 1866. He died in New York City, Dec. 14, 1887.
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