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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
the amount of westerly declination had been then long understood. That which belongs to Columbus is not the first observation of the existence of the variation (which, for example, is noted in the map of Andrea Bianco, in 1436), but the remark which he made on the 13th of September, 1492, that 2 1/2° east of the island of Corvo the magnetic variation changes, passing from N. E. to N. W. — Humboldt. The first variation-compass was constructed before 1525, by an ingenious apothecary of Seville, Felipe Guillen. So earnest were the endeavors to learn more exactly the direction of the curves of magnetic declination, that in 1585 Juan Jayme sailed with Francisco Gali from Manila to Acapulco for the sole purpose of trying in the Pacific a declination-instrument which he had invented. The cosmographer Alonso de Santa Cruz, one of the instructors of Charles V., undertook the drawing up of the first general Variation chart, although indeed from very imperfect observations, as earl
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), Z. (search)
This earth was used for the specific purpose, but it was long ere the truth was elicited that calamine was a metallic ore, and yielded its base to form an alloy with the copper. See brass. Aristotle, Strabo, and various other writers refer to an earth which conferred a yellow color on copper. Brass was considered a more valuable kind of copper. Ambrosias, Bishop of Milan in the fourth century, Promasius, Bishop of Adrumetum, in Africa, in the sixth century, and Isidore, Bishop of Seville in the seventh century, mention an addition by which copper acquired a gold color. This was, undoubtedly, calamine. Albertus Magnus (1205-1280) speaks of calamine as a semimetal. The furnace-calamine, or sublimated zinc, with which the furnaces and chimneys were lined, where zinc-yielding ores were smelted, was thrown aside as useless until the middle of the sixteenth century. It had a place in the pharmacopoeia, but this use required but a small portion of the quantity produced.
William Hepworth Dixon, White Conquest: Volume 2, Chapter 3: White reaction. (search)
oor were equally distressed. Some nights the streets were dark, the gasmen having stopped the mains. The streets of New Orleans are never safe at night, but in the darkness of that reign of anarchy, every evil thing came forth. Policemen levied black-mail on every shop. These servants of the public carried arms, and men with arms will never starve. Food rose in price. Fish grew scarce and mutton dear. The prisons and asylums were neglected, and their inmates, like those of Naples and Seville, were left to rot in filth and rags. Levees were broken through; and fertile fields lay under water. Weeds and mosses sprang up rich and rank. The cotton fields seemed wasting into jungle, the ramparts crumbling into the river, and streets and gardens rotting in a physical and moral blight. Proud and beautiful New Orleans! Ruined in her trade, her credit, and her hope, the city rose in her despair and put the question to herself:--Shall the White family perish on the Gulf of Mexico?
William Hepworth Dixon, White Conquest: Volume 2, Chapter 28: Philadelphia. (search)
thrown into one-Victoria, Greenwich, Finsbury, Battersea, St. James's, Hyde, and Regent's-would not make one Fairmont Park. Nor is the loveliness of Fairmont Park less striking than the size. Neither the Prater in Vienna, nor Las Delicias in Seville, nor the Bois de Boulogne in Paris, though bright and varied, can compare in physical beauty with Fairmont. The drive along the Guadalquiver on a summer evening is delicious; and the views of Sevres and St. Cloud are always charming; but the Schuylkill is a more picturesque river than either the Guadalquiver near Seville or the Seine near Paris. The view from George Hill combines the several beauties of the view from Richmond Hill and Greenwich Hill. There is a wooded country rolling backwards into space. There is the wide and winding river at your feet, and, just beyond the river, camps of spires and steeples, towers and domes; and, rising over all, like a new Parthenon, the noble pile called Girard's College. Seen on a sunny da
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.), Chapter 4: Irving (search)
al and general appreciation. Southey wrote from London: This work places Irving in the front rank of modern biographers ; and Edward Everett said that through the Columbus, Irving is securing the position of founder of the American school of polite learning. Irving continued absorbed and fascinated with the examination of the Spanish chronicles. He made long sojourns in Granada, living for a great part of the time within the precincts of the Alhambra, and later he spent a year or more in Seville. He occupied himself collecting material for the completion of The Conquest of Granada, published in 1829, and for the Legends of the Alhambra, published in 1832. In 1828, Irving declined an offer of one hundred guineas to write an article for The Quarterly review, of which his friend Murray was the publisher, on the ground, as he wrote, that the Review [then under the editorship of Gifford] has been so persistently hostile to our country that I cannot draw a pen in its service. This e
Lydia Maria Child, Letters of Lydia Maria Child (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier, Wendell Phillips, Harriet Winslow Sewall), To the same. (search)
enjoyed! But it cannot be. That was a state of childhood; and childhood will pass away. The intellect will call aloud to the Infinite, and it receives no answer but the echo of its own voice. If the problem of our existence is not solved elsewhere, how cruel must be the Being that placed us here! Meanwhile, nothing surprises me more than that men should judge so harshly of each other for believing, or not believing, since it is a thing obviously beyond our control. The man educated at Seville cannot see spiritual things in the same light that they are seen by the man educated in Boston. At fifty years of age, it is out of our power to believe many things that we believed at twenty. Our states have changed by slow degrees, as the delicate blossom changes to the dry seed-vessel. We may weep for the lost blossom, but it avails not. Violets dead the sweetest showers will ne'er make grow again. But, thanks to the Heavenly Father, in the dry seed-vessel lies the embryo of future f
James Parton, Horace Greeley, T. W. Higginson, J. S. C. Abbott, E. M. Hoppin, William Winter, Theodore Tilton, Fanny Fern, Grace Greenwood, Mrs. E. C. Stanton, Women of the age; being natives of the lives and deeds of the most prominent women of the present gentlemen, Eminent women of the drama. (search)
on, the soulful expression, which characterize and denote a great lyric artist. If, however, she have not a dramatic genius, she certainly possesses commanding talents. Her operatic performances in this country have evinced the steady growth of decided dramatic faculty. Great vocal powers have seldom found more ample or more touching expression than those of Parepa Rosa, in the first act of Norma. To add that one of her very best successes here has been made as Rosina, in The Barber of Seville, is to indicate alike the versatility of her talents and the scope and thoroughness of her culture. There is not, at present, on the American stage, a sounder practical musician than Euphrosyne Parepa Rosa. In social intercourse the lady is agreeable and winning, by virtue of her simple kindness and constant, sunny good-humor. A New York journalist thus thoroughly sums up the distinguishing merits of this gifted and excellent artist:-- Madam Parepa-Rosa's rare versatility and cons
Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner: volume 2, Chapter 18: Stratford-on-avon.—Warwick.—London.—Characters of judges and lawyers.—authors.—society.—January, 1839, to March, 1839.—Age, 28. (search)
enjoy his Spanish buildings. Emboldened by our conversation, I took the liberty of addressing him a long letter on what I thought would be the proper tone of the article, and suggesting to him some matters about American literature; to which I have a letter in reply. This I shall send to you; and you may give it to Prescott, if you see fit. It contains Ford's written opinion about his book, of which he may well be proud. Since seeing Ford I have met Pascual de Gayangos, He was born at Seville, in 1809; studied in Paris under Silvestre de Sacy; published in English a History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain; translated into Spanish Ticknor's History of Spanish Literature; and assisted Mr. Prescott in his historical researches. In a note of Feb. 22, 1839, he invited Sumner to breakfast with him at 1 Woburn Buildings, Tavistock Square, saying: I will give you a scholar's cup of tea and plenty of literary resources to regale your sight with. the author of the article in the Edi
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, A book of American explorers, chapter 2 (search)
also rejoice, as well on account of the exaltation of our faith, as on account of the increase of our temporal prosperity, of which not only Spain, but all Christendom, will be partakers. Such are the events which I have briefly described. Farewell. Christopher Columbus, Admiral of the Fleet of the Ocean. Lisbon, the 14th of March. Ii.—Second voyage of Columbus. [this description is taken from a letter by Dr. Chanca, physician to the fleet of Columbus, to the authorities of Seville, Dr. Chanca's residence.] On the first Sunday after All Saints, namely, the 3d of November, 1493], about dawn, a pilot of the ship Capitana cried out, The reward! I see the land! The joy of the people was so great, that it was wonderful to hear their cries and exclamations of pleasure. And they had good reason to be delighted; for they had become so wearied of bad living, and of working the water out of the ships, that all sighed most anxiously for land . . . . On the morning of th
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, A book of American explorers, chapter 6 (search)
gave him not a sum of money which he demanded to buy a ship, they broke off again . . . . . The Portuguese departed from Elvas the 15th of January, and came to Seville the 19th of the same month, and went to the lodging of the governor, and entered into a court, over the which there were certain galleries where he was, who came to dinner. And, being at dinner, he commanded his steward to seek a lodging for them near unto his own, where they might be lodged. The adelantadodeparted from Seville to Saint Lucar with all the people which were to go with him. And he commanded a muster to be made, at the which the Portuguese showed themselves armed in very brn the camp, they were received with the like. With the same joy. III.—The story of John Ortiz. This Christian's name was John Ortiz; and he was born in Seville in worshipful parentage. Of a good family He was twelve years in the hands of the Indians. He came into this country with Pamphilo de Narvaez, and returned in
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