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Maryland (Maryland, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
in Illinois and Nebraska. Rivalry between the two sections there will always be; divergence and disunion will never come. From the days when the Kentucky broad-horn boats were seized by the Spanish at New Orleans, down to the present era of barge transportation on a large scale from St. Louis to the Gulf, the Mississippi has been the common artery of the interior of the United States; but it has never superseded the old highways through the Mohawk and across the mountains of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Nevertheless, the existence of a distinct and self-conscious section having seaports only on the Gulf does deeply affect the direction of national policy, especially in foreign relations. Our forefathers valiantly fought a valiant foe in their Indian wars, and our fathers measured their strength against each other in the Civil War; but the Mississippi Valley is, and must henceforth be, a region of internal peace. A miners' riot, a little shooting of negroes at an electi
Niagara County (New York, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
Western States. Perhaps the first evidence of the political influence of the valley was the intense desire of the people of the United States to occupy it; Rogers Clark in 1778 was a herald of national interest in the West. The earliest settlers on the head-waters of the Tennessee and the Cumberland instinctively saw that their highway was the Mississippi and their gateway was New Orleans; and the annexation of Louisiana was from the first as inevitable as the plunge of the waters over Niagara. It was not in human power to keep the eastern and the western banks of the Mississippi apart from each other; and in the cession of west Florida and Texas the edge of the great valley was rounded out and became a part of the United States. Thus the Mississippi Valley, from 1783 to 1845, was well accustomed to schemes of annexation; and perhaps for that reason the influence of Western sentiment has been in favor of the increase of the Union by taking territory on the Pacific and in outlyi
Connecticut (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
t it was possible. Jefferson Davis offered the alliance of the Southern Confederacy to the Northwest States, and they clave to their Eastern brethren. The East and West are no more politically separated from each other than Rhode Island from Connecticut, or Illinois from Iowa. The Appalachian Mountains have long ceased to be a physical barrier between East and West, and the two sections are dependent upon each other—the West has the food-supply; the East, the manufactories and seaports. ICivil War is that no State, or group of States, will ever be allowed to withdraw from its sisters without war. Indeed, many parts of the West are simply transplantations from the East; thus the Western Reserve of Ohio was for years a little Connecticut; Michigan has the New England town-meeting; Massachusetts men abound in Minnesota, and New Yorkers in Illinois and Nebraska. Rivalry between the two sections there will always be; divergence and disunion will never come. From the days when t
United States (United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
fter 180 years the trade and safety of the United States are still powerfully effected. As a land,e Mississippi Valley is the history of the United States; its future is the future of one of the mohe East, North, West, and Southwest of the United States. Starting at the salt inlets north of Newifths of the whole continental area of the United States, and more than two-thirds of its arable suas the intense desire of the people of the United States to occupy it; Rogers Clark in 1778 was a hy was rounded out and became a part of the United States. Thus the Mississippi Valley, from 1783 tn the common artery of the interior of the United States; but it has never superseded the old highwr to extend the power and influence of the United States by annexation of territory and by a share or good or evil, the foreign policy of the United States appears to be in the hands of the people oana. To be sure, as in other parts of the United States, there is an almost comical multiplication[1 more...]
Canada (Canada) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
the colonies was there manhood suffrage; in none of the early States was there an expectation that numbers would rule. It was on the frontier, the ever-advancing frontier, for many years identical with the West, that the principle became practical. That influence has spread eastward and modified the coast communities; but it is a Western conception; it affects France and makes headway in England; but it is even now stronger in the Mississippi Valley than in the direct offshoots of England—Canada and Australia. This brief sketch of the historical conditions of the Mississippi Valley is necessary if we are to avoid mere guess and speculation in pointing out the probable future of the region. What is the likelihood that the population of the Mississippi Valley will continue to increase? The problem is chiefly one of making the land available; for there is little danger of the calamity of rapine, familiar pastimes which have depopulated like areas in Europe and Asia. Nowhere in th
China (China) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
ally in the South, quantities of excellent land have never been cleared and submitted to the plough. There is, of course, a limit to the number of people whom the soil will actually support. In the similar Yang-tse-Kiang and Hoang-Ho valleys in China about 300,000,000 people live from an area about as large as the Mississippi Valley. When we compare means of transportation in China with those in the Mississippi Valley, when we see how easy it is in America to send a surplus from one distriChina with those in the Mississippi Valley, when we see how easy it is in America to send a surplus from one district to supply a deficiency in another, when we consider the enormous credit facilities which enable the community to endure one or two, or even three, years of bad crops without starvation anywhere, there seems to be no reason why the Mississippi Valley may not some time contain a population of 350,000,000 comfortable people, or ten times its present number. The difficult problem is not to raise sufficient crops, but to keep upon the land a sufficient number of persons to till it; but the Missi
Cleveland (Ohio, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
opolitan; they must be educated where there are the best collections of notable pictures. The only claim which the West has well established to artistic distinction is in architecture. Fortunately Cleveland is not within the Mississippi basin, and therefore the valley has not to weep for the confused heap of stone-cutting which has been set up there as a soldiers' monument; but most of the State of Ohio is in the Ohio Valley, and the legislature forced that abomination upon the people of Cleveland against their will. On the other hand, the city of Pittsburg has the most beautiful and suitable county buildings in the country; while the city of Boston has one of the most dreadful county buildings. Certainly no such group of magnificent structures has ever been seen in America, outside of fabled Norumbega, as the Court of Honor at the Chicago Fair. Western literature is made up partly of books written by Western people, and partly by books about the West. Of late years there has
Minneapolis (Minnesota, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
ommunities. New Orleans is the one ancient city in the whole region. St. Louis and Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul, and Minneapolis, Memphis, Cincinnati, Pittsburg, and Denver, are most of them still in the rough, everywhere edges showing, vacant lotd tidiness. Fifty years hence these cities will be more closed up, more trim and turfedged, and some of them, notably Minneapolis, have already entered upon the construction of a wide-reaching system of parks, to be a beauty and a joy to later geneization of school government in the country is that of Cleveland, and the best system of buildings is probably that of Minneapolis. Chicago public schools are more efficient than those of Philadelphia or New York, and probably than those of Boston. has for a hundred years been the right thing for respectable people to do. How can there be traditions in a city like Minneapolis, where not one adult in twenty was born in the place or perhaps in the State? The North and Northwest are now undergo
Rocky Mountains (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
there a better watered land; little streams everywhere abound and there is a copious rainfall up to the foot-hills of the Rockies. In all the region crinkled by the North American ice-sheets, lovely lakes abound. As the Kentuckian poor white reveid of his own neighborhood: Nature has made ponds up on the mounting. Even on the long and desolate eastern slopes of the Rockies some few places are made to blossom by irrigating canals. Pioneers farming. Next in value comes the timber. Bies the universal steel tree, yielding branches in every shape and for every purpose. Far to the west, in the heart of the Rockies, the mountains cover gold, silver, and the copper slave of the electric lamp. The wealth that comes from above the Almost every branch of human learning is now taught thoroughly and practically somewhere between the Appalachians and the Rockies. Two important tests of intellectuality, though not the only ones, are art and literature. The Rookwood pottery is
Red River (Texas, United States) (search for this): entry hart-albert-bushnell
nfined the Alleghany River—at Lake Chautauqua—it sweeps westward and northward around the Great Lakes, which it all but drains, and which the new Chicago Canal actually does drain. West of Lake Superior, which it closely skirts, the line bends to the southward to give room for the Red River of the North, and beyond it rises steadily northwestward up the long slopes to the summit of the Rocky Mountains. These it follows—sometimes 14,000 feet above the sea—till the line runs into the upper Red River country; thence it descends to the coast, and reaches the Gulf again within 120 miles of the mouth of the Mississippi. The figure thus circumscribed bears a whimsical resemblance to an enormous spread eagle—its claws dug into the delta of the great river, its eastern wing somewhat withdrawn from the Atlantic coast, its western wing swung over far into British territory, and flapping lustily towards the Pacific Ocean. From the rim of this vast hollow start streams which speedily join
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