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Bullock (Utah, United States) (search for this): chapter 16
linder d to the first type-cylinder e, between which and the blanket-cylinder f it receives its first impression. Following the direction of the type-cylinder it passes between two blotting-cylinders, and is then delivered to the second printing-cylinder g, receiving the impression at h. It is then cut by a knife on the cylinder i. The sheets are finally piled on the paper-boards k k. The speed of the Walter press is said to be 11,000 printed sheets, or 22,000 impressions, per hour. The Bullock press, so named from the inventor, the late William Bullock of Philadelphia, carries the forms upon two cylinders, requires no attendants to feed it, and delivers the sheets printed on both sides. Walter press (London times ). Bullock's self-feeding and perfecting press. The paper in the form of an endless roll is moistened by passing through a shower of fine spray. A single roll will contain enough for several thousand sheets, and the printing operation, including the cutting o
Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) (search for this): chapter 16
in the streets of the city of Paris, as a substitute for the stone blocks, the material of barricades in revolutions. In the Snow pavement no natural asphaltum is used; the raw coal-tar is treated with sulphuric acid, and mixed with lime and cement, and is said to produce a compound similar to the Neufchatel rock. The Scharff pavement uses bitumen and the heavy tar-oils for the base, bitumen and a small quantity of natural asphaltum for the top courses. The Vulcnite pavement makes Trinidad asphaltum the basis of the composition, treating the same with sulphuric acid or sulphur and cement. The Neufehatel rock pavement has a base of a concrete of broken stone and bituminous or asphaltic compounds. This base being perfectly dry, a coating of that peculiar formation known as the Neufchatel rock, and which is a natural and intimately combined mixture of asphaltum with calcareous matter, is spread in a powdered state, well heated, and compressed by beating down with heated cast
Saumur (France) (search for this): chapter 16
be afterward cut, as in velvet and in Wilton carpet, or left in loops, as in Brussels carpet. Pi-lentum. A light vehicle, something between a cab and a carriage. Pile-pier. （Hydraulic Engineering.) One supported on piles. Pile-saw. The saw for cutting off piles below the surface of the water was invented by Labelye in planning the operation for establishing foundations for the piers of the Westminster Bridge, 1738, and improved by De Cessart, when building the bridge of Saumur, 1756– 64. In a simple form the machine consists of a frame composed of two longitudinal and three transverse timbers; to the central transverse piece are attached two uprights projecting above and below the frame, the saw being inserted between their lower ends, and their upper ends connected by a tension-rod for stretching the saw; handles are attached to the longitudinal piece of the frame, through which a reciprocating motion is given to the apparatus by the workmen, who stand on a plat
Paris, Texas (Texas, United States) (search for this): chapter 16
ese coverlets were purchased for the hospital of Vienna in the former year, and shortly afterward at other places. It was particularly useful as stuffing for beds and for upholstering, as it was offensive to insect vermin. The leaves are treated by heat and chemical reagents to separate the fibers and remove the resin. The invention is credited to M. Pannewitz. Bib. Univ. De Genevi, June, 1852, page 165. See also English patent, No. 1002, 1853. See also Belgian patent, Genie Industriel, Paris, 1864, page 104, where the process is fully described. Pine-wood still. Pine-wood still. An apparatus for obtaining tar, resin, and the volatile products of pine-wood by distillation. Mellen's consists (1) of a cylindrical retort A surrounded by flues b b′, and heated by a furnace B B on each side; the wood is placed in cylinders A′ perforated at their heads and bottoms, and containing about one half cord; two of these are run within the retort by being placed upon trucks which
Essen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) (search for this): chapter 16
hat which is necessary to the conduct of the mechanical business, whatever it may be. The more complete the assortment of tools, the better their quality; and the more numerous they are, the more valuable is the plant. The rolling stock of a railway. The vats, tubs, stills, coolers, etc., of a brewery or distillery. American five-ton Bessemer plant. (Product 80 tons per 24 hours.) According to a report recently published in Germany, the working plant of Krupp's steel works at Essen was, during the last year , 514 melting, annealing, and cementing furnaces, 169 forges, 249 welding, puddling, and reheating furnaces, 245 cokeovens, 120 miscellaneous ovens or kilns, 256 steam-engines (collectively of 8,377 horse-power), 340 lathes. 119 planingmachines, 65 shaping-machines, 144 boring-machines, 120 unclassed machines, and 90 grindstones. There were also 56 steam-hammers, one of which weighs 30 tons. The number of workmen employed were 7,100, and 70,000 tons of steel were
Australia (Australia) (search for this): chapter 16
banks. It gave rise to a host of similar productions : oceans and river routes, pilgrims' progresses, paradises lost, funerals of Napoleon, moral, immoral, and temperance serials, trades, arts, politics, overland routes to India, emigration to Australia and New Zealand, and, to cap the climax, a cyclorama of the great Lisbon earthquake, which happened about one hundred years previously. Pan-o-ram′ic Cam′e-ra. （Photography.) One in which pictures may be taken on one flat plate, includinhe sheet was then dried and transferred, whereby a delineation on stone was produced. This was rolled up and etched in the usual manner. This was the first transferprocess, but did not prove of practical value. 5. J. W. Osborne patented in Australia, September 1, 1859, and in the United States, June 25, 1861, a transfer-process, in which he prepares a sheet of paper by coating one side with a mixture of albumen, gelatine, and bichromate of potash, and dries it in the dark. This is exposed<
Syria (Syria) (search for this): chapter 16
memorials of conquerors of various dynasties. c, Fig. 3611, is a portion of an inscription discovered at Hamath in Northern Syria. The entering in of Hamath is celebrated in the itineraries of these surging nations. No theory of interpretation he next figure, and a comparison of others for which we have no room here, it appears that the ancient Egyptian, Etruscan, Syrian, and Greek plows were equal to the modern plows of the South of France, part of Austria, Poland, Sweden, Spain, Turkey, Pd Reins were not used in plowing in ancient Egypt, but are not uncommon in modern Egypt. An illustration of the modern Syrian plow (d) is given to afford means of comparison. The share and moldboard in this more nearly resemble our form than do tprobable that his artist has improved on the original. Figure c gives views of two yokes and the details of the modern Syrian plow As before stated, it is rather of the shovel-plow order. The goad has a shovel at one end for clearing dirt from th
China (China) (search for this): chapter 16
t forms a substitute. The art originated in China, where it has been in use from time immemorialualities. The art was probably derived from China. Paperpulp was combined with gum or China claliny employed a short-hand amanuensis. The Chinese dictionary shows 43,496 words: of these 13,00nce of little tufts. Petong. （Alloy.) Chinese white copper; an alloy of copper and nickel. containing an admixture of quartz, and used in China, when mixed with kaolin, for making porcelain.om Thebes, Sakkarah, and Ghiseh are evidently Chinese, and indicate the commercial acquaintance of ning. Chinese bottles. The porcelain of China is believed to have been known to the Romans uredients and compositions of the porcelains of China, Dresden, Sevres, Berlin, Vienna, Bohemia, butnen flowers and varnished, in imitation of old China. Pot-lid valve. 1. A cap-formed valve whr. This includes India, Ceylon, Burmah, Siam, China, and Japan. Divided as it is from the mainlan[40 more...]
Bern (Switzerland) (search for this): chapter 16
action may be inverted, the larger wheel driving the smaller instead of being driven by it. Planimeter. Pla-nim′e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining the contents of irregular plane figures. More than thirty years ago, Oppikoffer, of Berne, invented an instrument of this description, which seemed to fulfill all the requirements of the case; but its cost and the practical difficulties attending its use prevented its general adoption. More recently, Amsler-Laffon of Schoffhausen dndary colors at the same time, one being reflected in the direction i, and the other thrown upon the screen at g. Goddard's oxyhydrogen polariscope. Polar-is-tro-bom′e-ter. The title given to an instrument devised by Professor Wilde of Berne for investigating the relations of various liquids to polarized light. Po-lar′i-ty. The property of attraction or repulsion, or of taking certain directions. Po′lar-izer. The lower prism. The one beneath the stage of the microscope
Saxony (Saxony, Germany) (search for this): chapter 16
n used for hair-powder and went by the name of Schnorr's white earth. It proved to be kaolin. The French porcelain works were first established at St. Cloud, in 1695, by Louis XIV.; at Vincennes, 1740; removed to Sevres, 1786. The Meissen, Saxony, porcelain manufactory was established by Augustus II., Elector of Saxony, in 1710. Botticher invented the hard paste in 1706; the red ware like jasper, in 1711: white porcelain, in 1709; the perfect, white kind, in 1715. He died in 1719. HeroSaxony, in 1710. Botticher invented the hard paste in 1706; the red ware like jasper, in 1711: white porcelain, in 1709; the perfect, white kind, in 1715. He died in 1719. Heroldt introduced gilding and painting in 1720; modeled groups, in 1731; porcelain made in England, at Bow, in 1698. Wedgwood ware was first patented, 1762. Porcelain may be distinguished from the coarser earthenware as a pottery which is fine grained, compact, very hard, and somewhat translucid. The latter quality is derived from its partial vitrification. It has various colors. Porcelain is divided into hard and tender. The former is made in Germany and in Asia, and the latter is held t
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