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William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 4 (search)
cker, whose administrative talent, in concert with General McClellan, directed this vast undertaking, that for economy and celerity of movement, this expedition is without a parallel on record. A European critic calls it the stride of a giant— and it well deserves that blazon. The van of the grand army was led by Hamilton's—afterwards Kearney's—division of the Third Corps (Heintzelman's), which embarked for Fortress Monroe on the 17th of March. It was followed by Porter's division on the 22d, and the other divisions took their departure as rapidly as transports could be supplied. General McClellan reached Fortress Monroe on the 2d of April, and by that time there had arrived five divisions of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, the artillery division, and artillery reserve—making in all fifty-eight thousand men and one hundred guns. This force was at once put in motion in the direction of Yorktown, in front of which the remainder of the army joined as it arrived. The regi
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 7 (search)
he James River, a large part of the army must remain on or near the Fredericksburg line to protect Washington. It is the old difficulty. When I saw General Franklin at Harrison's Landing on James River, last July, I cannot be mistaken in saying that lie distinctly advised the bringing of the army away from there. Yours, very truly, A. Lincoln. headquarters left Grand division, December 26, 1862. to the President: I respectfully acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22d inst. In arguing the propriety of a campaign on the James River, we supposed Washington to be garrisoned sufficiently, and the Potomac impassable except by bridges. The fortification of Harper's Ferry is another important requisite. These matters were considered as of course, and did not enter into our discussion of the two plans of campaign. I presume that you are right in supposing that I advised the withdrawal of the army from James River in July last. I think that under the same circumst
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 9 (search)
ss to the north bank also, which was altogether in the line of his plan of invasion. In pursuance of this purpose, so soon as Hill and Longstreet had relieved Ewell in the Valley, that general with the van of the invading columns passed, on the 22d, into Maryland, while Imboden's cavalry was thrown out westward, and effectually destroyed the great lines of communication by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Jenkins' troopers had already preceded Ewell's advas Chambersburg, throwing the whole north country into a wild blaze of excitement. After gathering in much cattle and horses, which he headed towards the Potomac, Jenkins turned back to join Ewell's force, which, after crossing the Potomac, on the 22d, at Williamsport and Shepherdstown, moved by two columns on Hagerstown, and thence, crossing the boundary into Pennsylvania, passed up the Cumberland Valley, reaching Chambersburg on the following day. The whole region of Western Pennsylvania up t
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 10 (search)
much vigor—indeed with so much vigor that, on reaching Union, on the 20th of June, he was compelled to halt a day, lest by further advance he should dangerously uncover his right; but even with this delay, the army, on reaching Manassas Gap on the 22d, was so well up with the enemy, that it gained that point while the long Confederate column was still passing on the other side of the mountains. This, therefore, seemed an excellent opening for a flank attack, and it was fully appreciated by Meaucceeded in depriving the army of one of the few really advantageous opportunities it ever had to strike a decisive blow. A slight observing force had been left at the Gap, but this was expelled, and the corps passed through on the evening of the 22d, prepared to advance on Front Royal in the morning. But, on moving forward to strike the enemy's line of retreat, the corps-commander acted with such feebleness, General Warren, in his evidence before the War Committee, states that General Fre
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 12 (search)
l (commanding a division of the Sixth Corps), who was killed. After his defeat at Winchester, Early did not pause in his southward retreat till he reached Fisher's Hill, near Strasburg, thirty miles south of Winchester. This is a very defensible position, commanding the debouede of the narrow Strasburg valley between the north fork of the Shenandoah River and the North Mountain. On these obstacles Early rested his flank. In front of this position Sheridan arrived on the morning of the 22d, and formed his force for a direct attack, while he sent Torbert with two divisions of cavalry by the parallel Luray valley, to gain New Market, twenty miles in Early's rear. After much manoeuvring, and several ineffectual efforts to force the position, an attack of cavalry was made from the right. Under cover of this mask a corps of infantry was moved to that flank, and by an impetuous assault carried the Confederate left resting on the North Mountain. A general attack in front then disru