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Thessaly (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
army also was being secretly maintained for Cyrus. Again, Aristippus the Thessalian chanced to be a friend of Cyrus, and since he was hard pressed by his political opponents at home, he came to Cyrus and asked him for three months' pay for two thousand mercenaries, urging that in this way he should get the better of his opponents. And Cyrus gave him six months' pay for four thousand, and requested him not to come to terms with his opponents until he had consulted with him. Thus the army in Thessaly, again, was being secretly maintained for him. Furthermore, Cyrus directed Proxenus the Boeotian, who was a friend of his, to come to him with as many men as he could get, saying that he wished to undertake a campaign against the Pisidians, because, as he said, they were causing trouble to his province. He also directed Sophaenetus the Stymphalian and Socrates the Achaean, who were likewise friends of his, to come with as many men as they could get, saying that he intended to make war upon
Asia Minor (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
persons mentioned and the events sketched in sections1-4, see Introduction, pp. 231 sqq. Now when Darius lay sick and suspected that the end of his life was near, he wished to have both his sons with him. The elder, as it chanced, was with him already; but Cyrus he summoned from the province over which he had made him satrap, and he had also appointed him commander of all the forces that muster in the plain of Castolus.Castolus was the mustering place for all the Persian forces of western Asia Minor. See Introd. p. 232. Cyrus accordingly went upSee Introd. p. vii, note 1. to his father, taking with him Tissaphernes as a friend and accompanied by three hundred Greek hoplites,i.e. heavy-armed infantrymen, the regular “troops of the line” in Greek warfare. In this instance, of course, they are serving Cyrus as a bodyguard. under the command of Xenias of Parrhasia. When Darius had died and Artaxerxes had become established as king, Tissaphernes falsely accused Cyrus to his brother of plot
Hellespont (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
sFor the reason for his banishment see Xen. Anab. 2.6.2-4. was a Lacedaemonian exile; Cyrus, making his acquaintance, came to admire him, and gave him ten thousand darics.The daric was a Persian gold coin, equivalent in weight of gold to 1 2s. 2 1/2d. or $5.40, but in purchasing power to a much larger sum. And Clearchus, taking the gold, collected an army by means of this money, and using the Chersonese as a base of operations, proceeded to make war upon the Thracians who dwell beyond the Hellespont, thereby aiding the Greeks.i.e. the Greeks on the European side of the Hellespont, who suffered from the incursions of their Thracian neighbours. Consequently, the Hellespontine cities of their own free will sent Clearchus contributions of money for the support of his troops. So it was that this army also was being secretly maintained for Cyrus. Again, Aristippus the Thessalian chanced to be a friend of Cyrus, and since he was hard pressed by his political opponents at home, he came to Cyr
Parrhasia (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
of all the forces that muster in the plain of Castolus.Castolus was the mustering place for all the Persian forces of western Asia Minor. See Introd. p. 232. Cyrus accordingly went upSee Introd. p. vii, note 1. to his father, taking with him Tissaphernes as a friend and accompanied by three hundred Greek hoplites,i.e. heavy-armed infantrymen, the regular “troops of the line” in Greek warfare. In this instance, of course, they are serving Cyrus as a bodyguard. under the command of Xenias of Parrhasia. When Darius had died and Artaxerxes had become established as king, Tissaphernes falsely accused Cyrus to his brother of plotting against him. And Artaxerxes, believing the accusation, arrested Cyrus, with the intention of putting him to death; his mother, however, made intercession for him, and sent him back again to his province. Now when Cyrus had thus returned, after his danger and disgrace, he set about planning that he might never again be in the power of his brother, but, if possib
Abydos (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
rated with him in this. The result was that the King failed to perceive the plot against himself, but believed that Cyrus was spending money on his troops because he was at war with Tissaphernes. Consequently he was not at all displeased at their being at war, the less so because Cyrus regularly remitted to the King the tribute which came in from the cities he chanced to have that belonged to Tissaphernes. Still another army was being collected for him in the Chersonese which is opposite Abydus, in the following manner: ClearchusFor the reason for his banishment see Xen. Anab. 2.6.2-4. was a Lacedaemonian exile; Cyrus, making his acquaintance, came to admire him, and gave him ten thousand darics.The daric was a Persian gold coin, equivalent in weight of gold to 1 2s. 2 1/2d. or $5.40, but in purchasing power to a much larger sum. And Clearchus, taking the gold, collected an army by means of this money, and using the Chersonese as a base of operations, proceeded to make war upon th
Miletus (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
heir cities. For, in fact, the Ionian cities had originally belonged to Tissaphernes, by gift of the King,See Introd. p. viii. but at that time all of them except Miletus had revolted and gone over to Cyrus. The people of Miletus also were planning to do the very same thing, namely, to go over to Cyrus, but Tissaphernes, finding ouMiletus also were planning to do the very same thing, namely, to go over to Cyrus, but Tissaphernes, finding out about it in time, put some of them to death and banished others. Cyrus thereupon took the exiles under his protection, collected an army, and laid siege to Miletus both by land and by sea, and endeavoured to restore the exiles to their city; and this, again, made him another pretext for gathering an army. Meanwhile he sent to theMiletus both by land and by sea, and endeavoured to restore the exiles to their city; and this, again, made him another pretext for gathering an army. Meanwhile he sent to the King and urged, on the ground that he was his brother, that these Ionian cities should be given to him instead of remaining under the rule of Tissaphernes, and his mother co-operated with him in this. The result was that the King failed to perceive the plot against himself, but believed that Cyrus was spending money on his troops
Chersonese (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 1
all displeased at their being at war, the less so because Cyrus regularly remitted to the King the tribute which came in from the cities he chanced to have that belonged to Tissaphernes. Still another army was being collected for him in the Chersonese which is opposite Abydus, in the following manner: ClearchusFor the reason for his banishment see Xen. Anab. 2.6.2-4. was a Lacedaemonian exile; Cyrus, making his acquaintance, came to admire him, and gave him ten thousand darics.The daric was a Persian gold coin, equivalent in weight of gold to 1 2s. 2 1/2d. or $5.40, but in purchasing power to a much larger sum. And Clearchus, taking the gold, collected an army by means of this money, and using the Chersonese as a base of operations, proceeded to make war upon the Thracians who dwell beyond the Hellespont, thereby aiding the Greeks.i.e. the Greeks on the European side of the Hellespont, who suffered from the incursions of their Thracian neighbours. Consequently, the Hellespontine c
480 BC (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
the flute that he presumed to challenge Apollo, god of music and master of the lyre. The myth appears to be a record of the supersession of the flute by the lyre in Greek favour. after having defeated him in a contest of musical skill; he hung up his skin in the cave from which the sources issue, and it is for this reason that the river is called Marsyas. It was here also, report has it, that Xerxes, when he was on his retreat from Greece after losing the famous battle,viz. of Salamis, in 480 B.C. built the palace just mentioned and likewise the citadel of Celaenae. Here Cyrus remained thirty days; and Clearchus, the Lacedaemonian exile, arrived, with a thousand hoplites, eight hundred Thracian peltasts, and two hundred Cretan bowmen. At the same time came also Sosis the Syracusan with three hundred hoplites and Agias the Arcadian with a thousand hoplites. And here Cyrus held a review and made an enumeration of the Greeks in the park, and they amounted all told to eleven thousand
333 BC (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
ous city of Cilicia, where the palace of Syennesis, the king of the Cilicians, was situated; and through the middle of the city flows a river named the Cydnus, two plethra in width. The inhabitants of this city had abandoned it and fled, with Syennesis, to a stronghold upon the mountains—all of them, at least, except the tavern-keepers; and there remained also those who dwelt on the sea-coast, in Soli and Issus.Famous as the scene of one of the most important victories of Alexander the Great (333 B.C.). Now Epyaxa, the wife of Syennesis, had reached Tarsus five days ahead of Cyrus, but in the course of her passage over the mountains to the plain two companies of Menon's armycp. 20, above. had been lost. Some said that they had been cut to pieces by the Cilicians while engaged in a bit of plundering; another story was that they had been left behind, and, unable to find the rest of the army or the roads, had thus wandered about and perished; at any rate, they numbered a hundred hoplites
Colossae (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
I have mentioned; and he marched through Lydia three stages,staqmo/s = lit. a stopping-place, hence a day's journey. a distance of twenty-two parasangs,A Persian measure of distance, equivalent to 30 Greek stadia, or about 3.3 English miles. to the Maeander river. The width of this river was two plethra,The plethrum = about 97 English feet. and there was a bridge over it made of seven boats. After crossing the Maeander he marched through Phrygia one stage, a distance of eight parasangs, to Colossae, an inhabitedMany of the cities of Asia were then, as now, deserted. city, prosperous and large. There he remained seven days; and MenonWho had been sent by Aristippus (see 1 above). the Thessalian arrived, with a thousand hoplites and five hundred peltasts, consisting of Dolopians, Aenianians, and Olynthians. Thence he marched three stages, twenty parasangs, to Celaenae, an inhabited city of Phrygia, large and prosperous. There Cyrus had a palace and a large park full of wild animals, whic
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