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denied—North Carolina for nine months, Rhode Island for nearly fifteen, after the new government was organized and went into operation. In several of the other states the ratification was effected only by small majorities. The terms in which this action was expressed by the several states and the declarations with which it was accompanied by some of them are worthy of attention. Delaware was the first to act. Her convention met on December 3, 1787, and ratified the Constitution on the 7th. The readiness of this least in population and next to the least in territorial extent of all the states, to accept that instrument, is a very significant fact when we remember the jealous care with which she had guarded against any infringement of her sovereign statehood. Delaware alone had given special instructions to her deputies in the convention not to consent to any sacrifice of the principle of equal representation in Congress. The promptness and unanimity of her people in adopting
January 9th (search for this): chapter 2.13
sent of the members present, this 18th day of December, A. D. 1787. Georgia next, and also unanimously, on January 2, 1788, declared, through the delegates of the State of Georgia, in convention met, pursuant to the provisions of the [act of the] Legislature aforesaid, . . . in virtue of the powers and authority given us [them] by the people of the said State, for that purpose, that they did fully and entirely assent to, ratify, and adopt the said Constitution. Connecticut (on the 9th of January) declares her assent with equal distinction of assertion as to the source of the authority: In the name of the people of the State of Connecticut, we, the delegates of the people of the said State, in General Convention assembled, pursuant to an act of the Legislature in October last . . . . do assent to, ratify, and adopt the Constitution reported by the Convention of delegates in Philadelphia. In Massachusetts there was a sharp contest. The people of that state were then—as for a l
thus announced her ratification: In convention of the delegates of the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1788. The Convention having impartially discussed and fully considered the Constitution for the United States of America, reported [etc.], . . . do, in the name and in behalf of the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, assent to and ratify the said Constitution for the United States of America. This was accomplished on February 7, 1788. Maryland followed on April 28, and South Carolina on May 23, in equivalent expressions, the ratification of the former being made by the delegates of the people of Maryland, speaking, as they declared, for ourselves, and in the name and on the behalf of the people of this State; that of the latter, in convention of the people of the State of South Carolina, by their representatives, . . . in the name and behalf of the people of this State. But South Carolina, like Massachusetts, demanded certain amendments, and for gre
: In convention of the delegates of the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1788. The Convention having impartially discussed and fully considered the Constitution for the United States of America, reported [etc.], . . . do, in the name and in behalf of the people of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, assent to and ratify the said Constitution for the United States of America. This was accomplished on February 7, 1788. Maryland followed on April 28, and South Carolina on May 23, in equivalent expressions, the ratification of the former being made by the delegates of the people of Maryland, speaking, as they declared, for ourselves, and in the name and on the behalf of the people of this State; that of the latter, in convention of the people of the State of South Carolina, by their representatives, . . . in the name and behalf of the people of this State. But South Carolina, like Massachusetts, demanded certain amendments, and for greater assurance accompanied her
ents, and for greater assurance accompanied her ordinance of ratification with the following distinct assertion of the principle afterward embodied in the tenth amendment: This Convention doth also declare that no section or paragraph of the said Constitution warrants a construction that the States do not retain every power not expressly relinquished by them and vested in the General Government of the Union. The delegates of the people of the State of New Hampshire, in convention on June 21, in the name and behalf of the people of the State of New Hampshire, declared their approval and adoption of the Constitution. In this state, also, the opposition was formidable (the final vote being 57 to 46), and, as in South Carolina, it was explicitly declared that all powers not expressly and particularly delegated by the aforesaid Constitution are reserved to the several States, to be by them exercised. The debates in the Virginia convention were long and animated. Some of the mo
and, at the request and in behalf of the General Assembly of that State, addressed to the President, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the eleven United States of America in Congress assembled, I take the earliest opportunity of laying a copy of it before you. (Signed) George Washington. Some extracts from the communication American State Papers, Volume I, miscellaneous. referred to are annexed: State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, In General Assembly, September Session, 1789. To the President, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the eleven . United States of America in Congress assembled: The critical situation in which the people of this State are placed engages us to make these assurances, on their behalf, of their attachment and friendship to their sister States, and of their disposition to cultivate mutual harmony and friendly intercourse. They know themselves to be a handful, comparatively viewed, and, although they now st
September 17th (search for this): chapter 2.13
nderstand the Constitution, in any of its features, as compromising the sovereignty, freedom, and independence which she had so especialy cherished. The ratification of their convention is expressed in these words: We, the deputies of the people of the Delaware State, in convention met, having taken into our serious consideration the Federal Constitution proposed and agreed upon by the deputies of the United States at a General Convention held at the city of Philadelphia on the 17th day of September, A. D. 1787, have approved of, assented to, and ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do, in virtue of the powers and authority to us given for that purpose, for and in behalf of ourselves and our constituents, fully, freely, and entirely, approve of, assent to, ratify, and confirm the said Constitution. Done in convention at Dover, December 7, 1787. This, and twelve other like acts, gave to the Constitution all the life and validity it ever had, or could have, as to t
irtue of the powers and authority given us [them] by the people of the said State, for that purpose, that they did fully and entirely assent to, ratify, and adopt the said Constitution. Connecticut (on the 9th of January) declares her assent with equal distinction of assertion as to the source of the authority: In the name of the people of the State of Connecticut, we, the delegates of the people of the said State, in General Convention assembled, pursuant to an act of the Legislature in October last . . . . do assent to, ratify, and adopt the Constitution reported by the Convention of delegates in Philadelphia. In Massachusetts there was a sharp contest. The people of that state were then—as for a long time afterward—exceedingly tenacious of their state independence and sovereignty. The proposed Constitution was subjected to a close, critical, and rigorous examination with reference to its bearing upon this very point. The convention was a large one, and some of its leading
December 18th (search for this): chapter 2.13
hese words: By these presents, do, in the name and by the authority of the same people, and for ourselves, assent to and ratify the foregoing Constitution for the United States of America. In New Jersey the ratification, which took place on December 18, was unanimous. This is no less significant and instructive than the unanimity of Delaware, from the fact that the New Jersey delegation, in the convention that framed the Constitution, had taken the lead in behalf of the federal, or state riproposed Constitution, do hereby, for and on behalf of the people of the said State of New Jersey, agree to, ratify, and confirm the same, and every part thereof. Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the members present, this 18th day of December, A. D. 1787. Georgia next, and also unanimously, on January 2, 1788, declared, through the delegates of the State of Georgia, in convention met, pursuant to the provisions of the [act of the] Legislature aforesaid, . . . in virtue of t
ended system of union, or confederation (the terms are employed indiscriminately and interchangeably by the statesmen of that period), devised by the convention of 1787, and embodied, as we have seen, in the Constitution which they framed and have set forth, was now to be considered and acted on by the people of the several statestitution proposed and agreed upon by the deputies of the United States at a General Convention held at the city of Philadelphia on the 17th day of September, A. D. 1787, have approved of, assented to, and ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do, in virtue of the powers and authority to us given for that purpose, for and i to, ratify, and confirm the same, and every part thereof. Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the members present, this 18th day of December, A. D. 1787. Georgia next, and also unanimously, on January 2, 1788, declared, through the delegates of the State of Georgia, in convention met, pursuant to the provisions
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