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Charles (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
hat the plan of employing machinery for the purpose was suggested. This originated with Mr. A. L. Dennison and Edward Howard of Boston, who erected a watch-factory at Roxbury, Mass.; but the site being found unsuitable, on account of the dust, the establishment was in 1854 removed to Waltham, where it still remains, its products constituting the Waltham watches of the American watch Company, now so generally and favorably known. The factory is located at Waltham, is on the banks of the Charles River, and is a chain of buildings, roofing nearly two acres, and inclosing a flower-garden. The company's product amounts to about $1,500.000 per year. It turns out commonly about 350 movements a day, or 105,000 per year, and 4,000 silver cases a month; in the production of which about 900 workpeople are employed, half of them women. The underlying principle which gives their excellence to these watches consists in the fact that each part is made by a machine specially constructed for
Atlantic Ocean (search for this): chapter 22
the waves. Dr. Scoresby gives the following interesting facts with regard to the length and high of ocean waves. The mean hight of waves in the Atlantic, driven by a westerly gale, is 18 feet. The greatest recorded hight of a wave in the North Atlantic, from the trough to the crest, is 43 feet. In northwest gales, waves 40 feet in hight have been measured off the Cape of Good Hope, while those off Cape Horn were 32 feet. The velocity of ocean storm-waves in the North Atlantic is about 32 miNorth Atlantic is about 32 miles an hour, and that recorded by Captain Wilkes for the Pacific Ocean is 26 1/3 miles. In an Atlantic storm the breadth of the waves, measured from crest to crest, is about 600 feet. Some sixty years since a cotton-mill was built on a rocking barge, the machinery to be moved by the force of the waves. See Buckner's patent, May 16, 1873. One patent of March 30, 1869, has a reservoir which is filled by the waves dashing up a curved barrier wall, and the water thus raised beyond its nor
Hampshire (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 22
used by the earlier paper-makers have given names to several of the present standard sizes of paper, as pot, foolscap, crown, elephant, fan, post, the latter dating from the year 1670, when a general post-office was established in England, and formerly bearing the device of a postman's horn; the first was in use at least as early as 1530. Up to the year 1855, the very elaborate water-mark employed by the Bank of England, which for a long series of years had its paper made at one mill in Hampshire, was formed by affixing wires to the molds as above indicated, involving, in a pair of molds for the production of the device, several hundred thousand stitches. At present, the device representing the water-mark is stamped in the fine wire gauze of the mold itself. The design is engraved on a block, from which an electrotype impression is taken; a matrix or mold is similarly formed from this; these are subsequently mounted upon blocks of lead or gutta-percha, to enable them to withst
Pembroke Castle (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 22
. So the King of Wales, by name Heolus Wha, in the year of our Lord 940, built a house of white twigs, to retire into when he came a hunting into South Wales; therefore it was called Ty Gwyn, that is, the White house. For to the end that it might be distinguished from vulgar buildings, he caused the twigs (according to his princely quality) to be barkt; nay castles themselves, in those daies, were framed of the same materials and weaved together; for thus writes Giraldus Cambrensis, of Pembroke castle, (saith he) Arnulphus de Montgomery in the daies of King Henry the first built that small castle of twigs and slight turf. — Sammes. Wattled chimneys still occur in Wales; the stick chimneys, so common in the early log-cabins of our country, are very similar. The doors of the British houses were of wattled twigs and clay. Some wattled houses yet remain in Montgomeryshire, Wales; reed houses are yet found in Ireland. Dartmoor, England, has numerous remains of circular stone foun
Tasmania (Tasmania, Australia) (search for this): chapter 22
. Building, etc. Yellow color. DogwoodBedfordia salicinaTasmaniaHard; beautifully marked. Ornamental furniture. DogwoodC. Tunbridge-ware, turning. Huon pineDacrydium frankliniiTasmaniaHard. Planking, house, and ship building, cabinet-work, py lasting. Posts and framing. MuskwoodEurybia argophyllaTasmania and N. S. WalesHard; smells of musk; takes a fine polish.takes a good polish. Myrtle (Tasmanian)Fagus cunninghamiiTasmaniaDark; finely marked. Cabinet-work, turnery, etc. NellecIwicker-work generally. Oyster Bay pineCallitris australisTasmaniaHard. Agricultural implements, cabinet-work, etc. Paddle furniture. turnery, etc. Rosewood (Tasmanian)Acacia (?)Tasmania, etcHard. Ornamental furniture, turnery, etc. Sandal-wosapanIndiaDyeing, turning. SassafrasAtherosperma moschataTasmaniaHard. Flooring of houses, carpenter's bench-screws. Sassasting. Tool-handles, etc. She-oakCasuarina quadrivalvisTasmaniaHard. Cabinet-work, chairs, picture-frames, etc. Silver-
St. George, W. Va. (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
also of silver, is encircled with a gift ornamental design of floriated scrolls and angels' heads. It has an outer case of thin brass, covered with black leather and ornamented with silver studs. Watch of the time of Queen Elizabeth. Fig. 7075 is a watch made for Louis XIII. of France to present to King Charles I. It is of silver, richly gilt, the ornaments covered with transparent enamel in white, red, green, blue, and yellow. The back is chased in high relief with the figure of St. George and the Dragon. On the side of the watch is the motto of the order of the Garter. The interior of the case is enriched by a delicately executed arabesque filled with black enamel upon a dotted ground. The entire works take out of the case, being secured thereto by springs, and are all more or less decorated with engraving, the whole interior being chased and gilt. Watch made for Charles I. In a Swiss museum is an antique watch only 3/10 inch in diameter, inserted in the top of a
Barker's Mill (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
otion a train of gearing which moves a series of indexes that point out on their appropriate dials the quantity of fluid delivered. See gas-meter; liquid-meter; spirit-meter. Class 1. Siemens and Adamson's meter acts on the principle of Barker's mill. The water is conveyed by a tube a to a horizontal drum d, rotating on a vertical shaft c, having at its upper end a worm which communicates motion to the registering gearing. The drum has three or more tangential apertures at its peripheryoke is 10 feet. The water for driving it is conducted by pipes from a reservoir on a neighboring hill, and ascends in the column of masonry shown to the left of the wheel. Water-wheels are of many kinds. See under the following heads:— Barker's mill.Overshot wheel. Bascule.Persian wheel. Bottom-discharge water-wheel.Pitch-back wheel. Breast-wheel.Radial-piston water-wheel. Bucket-wheel.Reaction water-wheel. Center-discharge wheel.Scoop water-wheel. Chapelet.Screw-elevator. Danaide
Providence, R. I. (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
gages based upon more correct principles, in which a greater degree of uniformity in the progressive differences between the various sizes of wire should be observed. Fig. 7281 is a gage of this kind, prepared by Messrs. Brown and Sharp of Providence, R. I. Post for wire-fence. The wire is entered in a tapering slit in the gage, which has marks at intervals indicating the number of the wire which just fills the width of the slit at that point. A new set of numbers and dimensions are arews are classed by the length in inches, and by the number, which indicates the size of the wire, or body of the screw. The following table of dimensions, derived from measurements of the screws made by the New England Screw Company, at Providence, R. I., will be found convenient for reference:— No.Diameter of body.Head.Number of threads to 1 inch. Diameter.Thickness. In.In.In. 30.100.200.0624 4.11.22.06524 5.13.26.07520 6.15.30.0820 7.16.32.08518 8.17.34.0914 9.19.38.09513 1/2
North America (search for this): chapter 22
etc.; named from the inventor. Mr. Hooker, the naturalist, records that in 1850 the superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Gardens received 391 plants from North America, packed and transported in ice, in excellent order. They consisted of varieties of trees, bushes, and plants, fruit and ornamental, and were packed in Ward's e (red)Pinus resinosaEastern U. S.Building, etc. Pine (spruce)Pinus glabraS. Car. & southward. Pine (white)Pinus strobusEastern U. S.Principal timber-tree of North America. Pine (yellow)Pinus mitisNorthern AmericaMedium, yellow. Building and various. Plane (occidental)Platanus occidentalisNorth AmericaMedium; called buttonwoodNorth AmericaMedium; called buttonwood and sycamore. Bedsteads, musical instruments, etc. Plane (Oriental）Platanus orientalisAsiaMedium. Joinery, cabinet-work, turnery. Plane or sycamoreAcer pseudo-platanusBritain, etcSoft. Wooden dishes, carving generally. PlumPrunus domesticaBritain, etcSoft. Turnery, ornamental work, small cabinet-wares. Poon-woodCalophyllum
Dublin (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
to each person. Detroit83 gallons daily to each person. Jersey City99 gallons daily to each person. Buffalo61 gallons daily to each person. Cleveland40 gallons daily to each person. Columbus30 gallons daily to each person. Montreal, Canada55 gallons daily to each person. Toronto77 gallons daily to each person. London, England29 gallons daily to each person. Liverpool23 gallons daily to each person. Glasgow50 gallons daily to each person. Edinburgh38 gallons daily to each person. Dublin25 gallons daily to each person. Paris28 gallons daily to each person. Turin22 gallons daily to each person. Toulouse26 gallons daily to each person. Lyons20 gallons daily to each person. Leghorn30 gallons daily to each person. Berlin20 gallons daily to each person. Hamburg33 gallons daily to each person. The first water-works in the United States were planned and constructed by Mr. John Christopher Christensen, at Bethlehem, Pa., in 1762. The machinery consisted of three singleac
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