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Snyder (search for this): chapter 35
rring the easier generalship of retreating; stating as his reason, however, that he did not know where the enemy was. The first time I ever saw Vicksburg was in April before the siege. As the engineer officer in charge of the fortification at Snyder's and Hayne's bluffs, I had been making requisitions on Mobile and other points through Generals Lee and Stevenson, for materials to secure the immense raft constructed across the Yazoo river, opposite the seige guns of Snyder's Bluff. The raftbull hide shield of the ancient warriors is the prototype of the use that fortifications and breastworks are to the armies of to-day—of use only on occasions of active fight on an open field. One quiet afternoon General Hebert informed me that Snyder's and Haynes's Bluffs were to be evacuated, and shortly after left with his command. My instructions were to get off all guns, on wheels, to Vicksburg; prepare powder trains to the service magazines, preparatory to blowing them up at midnight, i
Carter L. Stevenson (search for this): chapter 35
s. The first time I ever saw Vicksburg was in April before the siege. As the engineer officer in charge of the fortification at Snyder's and Hayne's bluffs, I had been making requisitions on Mobile and other points through Generals Lee and Stevenson, for materials to secure the immense raft constructed across the Yazoo river, opposite the seige guns of Snyder's Bluff. The raft was about to give way from the pressures of at least 6,000 tons of drift wood accumulated on its upper side. In my anxiety to secure the raft I resolved upon a personal interview with General Stevenson, so ordering my horse, a rapid ride brought me to headquarters in the now famous city. The air was full of rumors of the great strength and scientific dispositions of the defenses of Vicksburg, and with faith I accepted the statement that no force could take the city. About the middle watch of the night the belching of a cannon in one of the water batteries awoke the city from its easy slumbers. Offic
Big Black (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
he siege of Vicksburg. By Major J. T. Hogane of the Engineer Corps. Paper no. 1. Let us revive from the forces of memory the particulars of a scene, remarkable for being an example and expression of weakness. On the west bank of the Big Black river, in the State of Mississippi, on a day of May, 1863, might have been seen General J. C. Pemberton and a group of disheartened staff and line officers. The surroundings and foil to this weary, discouraged group were the defeated troops just escaped from the field of combat at Champion Hills and Big Black river; the sluggish river; the blazing timber; the smoke of battle. General Pemberton, with head hung down and despair written over the lineaments of his face, gave utterance to the honest sentiment of his heart when he remarked to Colonel Lockett, the Chief Engineer of the army, that thirty years ago, to-day, I commenced my career as a soldier, and to-day ends it. What a confession of failure these pathetic words conveyed t
Holly Springs (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
for safe quarters at the mouth of the Yazoo. I learned two things by this fight—that counter-sunk batteries located below the sky line are safe batteries for gunners, and that guns located on radiating lines from the attack center, fixing the distances according to calibre and kind of gun, do the maximum of efficient service. This action; the running the batteries at Vicksburg; the attempt to take Vicksburg in the rear by the march of General Grant through Mississippi by the way of Holly Springs, Abbeyville and Grenada; the trying to force the Yazoo river—ought to have opened General Pemberton's eyes to the fact that Grant was trying to kill two birds with one stone, viz., open the Mississippi river and shut up in Vicksburg Pemberton, and, what was of real consequence, the army he commanded. Sherman had tried the same game when he made the attack on the north side of Vicksburg at Chickasaw bayou, but having more ambition and audacity in planning in the tent, than he had know
Oxford (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
pion Hills and Big Black river; the sluggish river; the blazing timber; the smoke of battle. General Pemberton, with head hung down and despair written over the lineaments of his face, gave utterance to the honest sentiment of his heart when he remarked to Colonel Lockett, the Chief Engineer of the army, that thirty years ago, to-day, I commenced my career as a soldier, and to-day ends it. What a confession of failure these pathetic words conveyed to his listeners. In a house at Oxford, Miss., the night of the retreat from the splendidly fortified position of the Tallahatchie river, near Abbeyville, might have been seen General Pemberton and General Pap Price. General Price told the Commander-in-Chief that a Federal force was marching south by way of Hernando, and offered, with a confidence, that his outspoken, brave, cheerful tones showed he believed in, to capture or defeat them if a sufficient force was given him to do so. General Pemberton refused to detach the troops
Warrenton (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
o be captured; but this idea was premature, for the wagons made several trips during the day to Haynes's Bluff to get corn from the piles of it that lay on the bank of the river, measuring thousands of bushels to the heap. No doubt the collected breadstuff and horse-feed did the Federal quartermaster and commissary officers great service; it would have done us more service in Vicksburg if it had been there. Vicksburg absorbed the troops from the Yazoo, as it did those from Big Black, Warrenton, and Champion Hills. The dead body of the brave Tilghman, whose heart was shattered by the fragment of a shell, the troubled rank and file, whose faces showed the shame of defeat, betokened the result of the plans to save Vicksburg, inaugurated by the Commander-in-Chief. There was one man of sense—General Loring. He absolutely refused to go into Vicksburg, and declared to General Pemberton that he would not obey his orders, and he did, with about 10,000 men, cut his way out in spite o
Chickasaw Bayou (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
sburg in the rear by the march of General Grant through Mississippi by the way of Holly Springs, Abbeyville and Grenada; the trying to force the Yazoo river—ought to have opened General Pemberton's eyes to the fact that Grant was trying to kill two birds with one stone, viz., open the Mississippi river and shut up in Vicksburg Pemberton, and, what was of real consequence, the army he commanded. Sherman had tried the same game when he made the attack on the north side of Vicksburg at Chickasaw bayou, but having more ambition and audacity in planning in the tent, than he had knowledge of the field of operation, he was beat off by a few troops of the line, and citizens armed with their shot-guns. The veriest tyro in war would have reasoned out the problem to this result—that concentration with General Johnston was the proper thing, and that a living and moving army in the field is better than a cramped and half dead army inside of a ring of earthworks. Earthworks are good in modern
Edward's station (Ohio, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
duty of checking Grant, tried to keep the Federal army back. If common discretion had been exercised, the responsibility and the evils of the catastrophe that fell upon Pemberton afterward would have been averted. The whole series of fights from the time that Grant crossed the river until the surrender of Vicksburg was a fatal blunder, no matter who it was planned by or who sanctioned it. Concentration at the point of Grant's crossing, and defeat to him there, or, if that was impossible, concentration in the interior, and a fight before he captured the Jackson and Vicksburg railroad, was the thing to have placed him at his worst advantage both with regard to his supplies and reinforcements. The action of May 1st was only a skirmish instead of being a vital fight, and all subsequent management being based on the protection of Vicksburg partook of the same error of judgment that led to the battles of Edwards Station or Champion Hills, Big Black, and the sufferings of Vicksburg.
Tallahatchie River (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 35
tle. General Pemberton, with head hung down and despair written over the lineaments of his face, gave utterance to the honest sentiment of his heart when he remarked to Colonel Lockett, the Chief Engineer of the army, that thirty years ago, to-day, I commenced my career as a soldier, and to-day ends it. What a confession of failure these pathetic words conveyed to his listeners. In a house at Oxford, Miss., the night of the retreat from the splendidly fortified position of the Tallahatchie river, near Abbeyville, might have been seen General Pemberton and General Pap Price. General Price told the Commander-in-Chief that a Federal force was marching south by way of Hernando, and offered, with a confidence, that his outspoken, brave, cheerful tones showed he believed in, to capture or defeat them if a sufficient force was given him to do so. General Pemberton refused to detach the troops asked for, though he knew that General Grant could not make any serious demonstration on
Yazoo River (United States) (search for this): chapter 35
e and other points through Generals Lee and Stevenson, for materials to secure the immense raft constructed across the Yazoo river, opposite the seige guns of Snyder's Bluff. The raft was about to give way from the pressures of at least 6,000 tons t of the fight induced the Commodore and Commander to run back the troops and leave for safe quarters at the mouth of the Yazoo. I learned two things by this fight—that counter-sunk batteries located below the sky line are safe batteries for gunnarch of General Grant through Mississippi by the way of Holly Springs, Abbeyville and Grenada; the trying to force the Yazoo river—ought to have opened General Pemberton's eyes to the fact that Grant was trying to kill two birds with one stone, viz, if no further orders were received, and blow up all guns not moveable. Further orders to sink all steamboats in the Yazoo river completed the programme of destruction. With the celerity born of necessity the road to Vicksburg was in a few hour
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