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14th (search for this): chapter 10
inst this outpost, Montcalm, on the twelfth of chap. X.} 1756. August, at midnight, opened his trenches. From the following daybreak till evening, the fire of the garrison was well kept up; when, having expended their ammunition, they spiked their cannon, and retreated to Fort Oswego. Immediately Montcalm occupied the height, and turned such of the guns as were serviceable against the remaining fortress. His fire killed Mercer, the commander, and soon made a breach in the wall. On the fourteenth, just as Montcalm was preparing to storm the intrenchments, the garrison, composed of the regiments of Shirley and Pepperell, and about sixteen hundred in number, capitulated. Forty-five perished; twelve of them in action, the rest by the Indians in attempting to escape through the woods. Loudoun to J. Osborne, 13 Sept., 1756, finds no evidence of a massacre at Oswego; considers the rumor without foundation. De Vandreuil to the minister, 30 August, 1756. N. Y. Paris Doc., XII. 39. The
19th (search for this): chapter 10
rself, said Newcastle to Hardwicke. Don't boggle at it; you see the king wishes it; Lady Yarmouth advises it; Newcastle to Hardwicke, 15 Oct. 1756. and Hardwicke saw him. But Pitt, after a three hours interview, gave chap. X.} 1756. him a totally negative answer. The great obstacles, says Hardwicke, were the Duke of Newcastle and his measures; and without a change of both, 'tis impossible for him to come. Hardwicke to his Eldest Son, 21 Oct. 1756. The interview with Pitt was on the 19th. Newcastle next sought comfort from the king; insisting that there was nothing alleged against him but conducting the war according to the king's own desire; so that he himself was about to become a victim to his loyalty. Newcastle to Hardwicke, 20 Oct. 1756. But Pitt, who had never before waited upon Lady Yarmouth, now counterworked the duke by making a Long visit to the king's mistress. The duke attempted to enlist Egremont, offered power to Granville, and at last, having still an undou
27th (search for this): chapter 10
t the regular officers should command the provincials, and that the troops should be quartered on private houses. On the next day, Shirley acquainted him with the state of Oswego, advising that two battalions should be sent forward for its protection. The boats were ready; every magazine along the passage plentifully supplied. But the general could not think of the wants of the garrison, and was meditating triumphs of authority. The great, the important day for Albany dawned. On the twenty-seventh, in spite of every subterfuge, the soldiers were at last billeted upon the town. Journal of A. Golden. Albany, 27 June. The mayor wished them all to go back again; for, said he, we can defend our frontiers ourselves. Thus Abercrombie dilatorily whiled away the summer, ordering a survey of Albany, that it might be ditched and stockaded round; and men talked of certain victory and conquest. On the twelfth of July, the brave Bradstreet returned from Oswego, having thrown into the fo
March (search for this): chapter 10
t of employment and close quarters generated. The French were more active; and, while the savages made inroads to the borders of Ulster and Orange counties, they turned all their thoughts to the capture of Oswego. De Lery, leaving Montreal in March with a party of more than three hundred men, hastened over ice and snow along the foot of mountains; by roads known to savages alone, they penetrated to Fort Bull, at the Oneida portage, gained it after a short struggle and a loss of three men, dstill less than to aristocracy. I do not look upon myself as king, said he, while I am in the hands of these scoundrels, meaning Pitt as well as Temple. Glover's Memoirs, 55. Waldegrave's Memoirs, 95, 96. On the other hand, Prince George, in March, sent assurances to Pitt of the firm support and countenance of the heir to the throne. Go on, my dear Pitt, said Bute; make every bad subject your declared enemy, every honest man your real friend. How much we think alike. I, for my part, am
April (search for this): chapter 10
the day of their distress, perhaps the Americans, thought he, would submit to the imposition. Pitt in the House of Commons, 14 January, 1766. But the heroic statesman scorned to take an unjust and ungenerous advantage of them. He turned his eye to the mountains of Scotland for defenders of America, and two battalions, each of a thousand Highlanders, Anecdotes of Lord Chatham, i. 298. were raised for the service, under the command of Lord Eglinton and the Master of Lovat. Still he possessed no real power, and was thwarted in his policy at every step during the short period of his stay in office. Soon the Duke of Cumberland was appointed to conduct the campaign in Germany, and was unwilling to leave England without a change in the cabinet. Temple was, therefore, dismissed; and as Pitt did not resign, the king, in the first week in April, discarded him, and his chancellor also. England was in a state of anarchy, to which the conduct of affairs in America aptly corresponded.
May (search for this): chapter 10
Chapter 10: The Whig aristocracy cannot govern England— Newcastle's administration continued. 1756-1757. The open declaration of war was not made by chap. X.} 1756. England till May; though her navy had all the while been employed in despoiling the commerce of France. At the commencement of avowed hostilities, she forbade neutral vessels to carry merchandise belonging to her antagonist. Frederick of Prussia had insisted, that, by the law of nations, the goods of an enemy cannot to be next in command to the Earl of Loudoun, with Webb and two battalions, sailed from Plymouth for New York. Loudoun waited for his transports, that were to carry tents, ammunition, artillery, and intrenching tools, and at last, near the end of May, sailed without them. The man-of-war which bore one hundred thousand pounds to reimburse the colonies for the expenses of 1755, and stimulate their activity for 1756, did not sail till the middle of June. The cannon for ships on Lake Ontario did
June (search for this): chapter 10
l was almost gone before Abercrombie, who was to be next in command to the Earl of Loudoun, with Webb and two battalions, sailed from Plymouth for New York. Loudoun waited for his transports, that were to carry tents, ammunition, artillery, and intrenching tools, and at last, near the end of May, sailed without them. The man-of-war which bore one hundred thousand pounds to reimburse the colonies for the expenses of 1755, and stimulate their activity for 1756, did not sail till the middle of June. The cannon for ships on Lake Ontario did not reach America till August. We shall have good reason to sing Te Deum, at the conclusion of this campaign, wrote the Lieutenant-governor of Maryland, if matters are not then in a worse situation than they are at present. On the fifteenth of June, arrived the forty Ger man officers who were to raise recruits for Loudoun's royal American regiment of four thousand. At the same time came Abercrombie. Letters awaited him in praise of Washington.
June 15th (search for this): chapter 10
d of May, sailed without them. The man-of-war which bore one hundred thousand pounds to reimburse the colonies for the expenses of 1755, and stimulate their activity for 1756, did not sail till the middle of June. The cannon for ships on Lake Ontario did not reach America till August. We shall have good reason to sing Te Deum, at the conclusion of this campaign, wrote the Lieutenant-governor of Maryland, if matters are not then in a worse situation than they are at present. On the fifteenth of June, arrived the forty Ger man officers who were to raise recruits for Loudoun's royal American regiment of four thousand. At the same time came Abercrombie. Letters awaited him in praise of Washington. He is a very deserving gentleman, wrote Dinwiddie, and has from the beginning commanded the forces of this Dominion. He is much beloved, has gone through many hardships in the service, has great merit, and can raise more men here than any one. He therefore urged chap. X.} 1756. his p
June 25th (search for this): chapter 10
s great merit, and can raise more men here than any one. He therefore urged chap. X.} 1756. his promotion in the British establishment. But England trusted foreigners rather than Americans. I find, said Abercrombie, you will never be able to carry on any thing to any purpose in America, till you have a viceroy or superintendent over all the provinces. Letter of Alexander Colden. New York, 19 June, 1756. And Loudoun's arrival was to produce a great change of affairs. On the twenty-fifth of June, Abercrombie arrived at Albany, firmly resolved that the regular officers should command the provincials, and that the troops should be quartered on private houses. On the next day, Shirley acquainted him with the state of Oswego, advising that two battalions should be sent forward for its protection. The boats were ready; every magazine along the passage plentifully supplied. But the general could not think of the wants of the garrison, and was meditating triumphs of authority. T
June 27th (search for this): chapter 10
day, Shirley acquainted him with the state of Oswego, advising that two battalions should be sent forward for its protection. The boats were ready; every magazine along the passage plentifully supplied. But the general could not think of the wants of the garrison, and was meditating triumphs of authority. The great, the important day for Albany dawned. On the twenty-seventh, in spite of every subterfuge, the soldiers were at last billeted upon the town. Journal of A. Golden. Albany, 27 June. The mayor wished them all to go back again; for, said he, we can defend our frontiers ourselves. Thus Abercrombie dilatorily whiled away the summer, ordering a survey of Albany, that it might be ditched and stockaded round; and men talked of certain victory and conquest. On the twelfth of July, the brave Bradstreet returned from Oswego, having thrown into the fort six months provision for five thousand men, and a great quantity of stores. He brought intelligence that a French army wa
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