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Hartford (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 3
honor was concerned, came generously to the rescue of the shipping States, and war was declared. But the first burst of her passion having spent itself, Massachusetts found that she had been indiscreet; her shipping began to suffer more than she had anticipated, and she began now to cry aloud as one in pain. She denounced the war, and the Administration which was carrying it on; and not content with this, in connection with other New England States, she organized a Convention, at Hartford, in Connecticut, with a view to adopt some ulterior measures. We find the following among the records of that Convention: Events may prove, that the causes of our calamities are deep, and permanent. They may be found to proceed not merely from blindness of prejudice, pride of opinion, violence of party spirit, or the confusion of the times; but they may be traced to implacable combinations, of individuals, or of States, to monopolize office, and to trample, without remorse, upon the rights and in
Jefferson City (Missouri, United States) (search for this): chapter 3
1812, and in 1816, James Monroe was elected President by a vote of 183 to his opponent's 34; and more than one half of these 183 votes came from the Northern States. In 1820, Mr. Monroe was re-elected over John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, by a majority of 231 votes to 13. Besides Monroe and Adams, Crawford and Jackson were also candidates, but these two latter received only 11 votes between them. This last election is especially remarkable, as showing that there was no opposition to Jefferson's doctrine of StateRights, since all the candidates were of that creed. The opposition had been so often defeated, and routed in former elections, that they had not strength enough left to put a candidate in the field. John Quincy Adams succeeded Mr. Monroe, and his State-Rights doctrines are well known. He expressed them as follows: The indissoluble link of union between the people of the several States of this confederated nation, is, after all, not in the right, but in the heart.
New England (United States) (search for this): chapter 3
regate, as one nation. With respect to the New England States in particular, there is other and mo first causes of the dissatisfaction of the New England States with the General Government was the rankled, for a long time, in the breast of New England. It was made, as we have seen, in 1803, ancontent with this, in connection with other New England States, she organized a Convention, at Harttion was appointed to lay the complaints of New England before the Federal Government, and there is It thus appears, that from 1803-4 to 1815, New England was constantly in the habit of speaking of an, speaking of this dissatisfaction of the New England States with the Federal Government, says: Tiffs had been enacted for the protection of New England manufacturers. The North was manufacturingna nullified them in 1830. Immediately all New England was arrayed against South Carolina. An entce in the political creed of that section. New England orators and jurists rose up to proclaim tha[4 more...]
Patrick Henry (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 3
scattered it to the winds; and finally, when the South threw herself on the defensive, as Massachusetts had threatened to do, in 1803 and 1815, she subjugated her. What was the powerful motive which thus induced the North to overthrow the government which it had labored so assiduously with the South to establish, and which it had construed in common with the South, for the period of forty years? It was the motive which generally influences human conduct; it was the same motive which Patrick Henry had so clearly foreseen, when he warned the people of Virginia against entering into the federal compact; telling them, that interested majorities never had, in the history of the world, and never would respect the rights of minorities. The great American System, as it has been called, had in the meantime arisen, championed by no less a personage than Henry Clay of Kentucky. In 1824, and again in 1828, oppressive tariffs had been enacted for the protection of New England manufacturer
Webster (search for this): chapter 4
uld forbear to do the same things. As plain as this seems, no less an authority than that of Mr. Webster has denied it; for, in his celebrated argument against Mr. Calhoun, already referred to, he tople of the United States, a common superior, ordained and established the Constitution, says Mr. Webster, and imposed restraints upon the States! However some might wish they had been left without might whirr on, and the shuttle dance from side to side of the loom. Following the idea of Mr. Webster, that the people of the United States gave constitutional law to the States, instead of recethey were all to go into the new Union, on precisely the same footing. In the extract from Mr. Webster's speech, which has been given above, it is alleged among other things, that the States are nonly free to contract with each other, but to do and perform all the other acts enumerated by Mr. Webster; the act of declaring war included, even though this war should be against their late confede
1787 AD (search for this): chapter 4
shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration, at any time hereafter, be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to, in a Congress of the United States, and be afterward confirmed by the legislature of every State. Now, it is a pertinent, and instructive fact, that no similar provision of perpetuity was engrafted in the new Constitution. There must have been a motive for this—it could not have been a mere accidental omission—and the motive probably was, that the Convention of 1787 were ashamed to attempt, a second time, to bind sovereign States, by a rope of sand, which they, themselves, were in the act of pulling asunder. It was in accordance with this understanding, that both New York and Virginia, in their ratifications of the new Constitution, expressly reserved to themselves the right of secession; and no objection was made to such conditional ratifications. The reservations made by these States enure, as a matter of course, to the benefit of all the States, as
John C. Calhoun (search for this): chapter 4
reignty, for the furtherance of a common object. If they are restrained, by the Constitution, from doing certain things, the restraint was self-imposed, for it was they who ordained, and established the instrument, and not a common superior. They, each, agreed that they would forbear to do certain things, if their copartners would forbear to do the same things. As plain as this seems, no less an authority than that of Mr. Webster has denied it; for, in his celebrated argument against Mr. Calhoun, already referred to, he triumphantly exclaimed, that the States were not sovereign, because they were restrained of a portion of their liberty by the Constitution. See how he perverts the whole tenor of the instrument, in his endeavor to build up those manufactories of which we spoke in the last chapter. He says: However men may think this ought to be, the fact is, that the people of the United States have chosen to impose control on State sovereignty. There are those, doubtless, who w
South Carolina (South Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
they had been left without restraint; but the Constitution has ordered the matter differently. To make war, for instance, is an exercise of sovereignty, but, the Constitution declares that no State shall declare war. To coin money is another act of sovereign power; but no State is at liberty to coin money. Again; the Constitution says, that no sovereign State shall be so sovereign, as to make a treaty. These prohibitions, it must be confessed, are a control on the State sovereignty of South Carolina, as well as of the other States, which does not arise from her feelings of honorable justice. Here we see, plainly, the germ of the monstrous heresy that has riven the States asunder, in our day. The people of the United States, a common superior, ordained and established the Constitution, says Mr. Webster, and imposed restraints upon the States! However some might wish they had been left without restraint, the Constitution has ordained it differently! And the ostrich stomach of the
Virginia (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
, that a citizen of any one of the States may have had the right to expatriate himself entirely—and this was not so clear a doctrine at that day —and transfer his allegiance to another government, yet it is quite certain, that he could not, ex mero motu, divide his allegiance. His allegiance then was transferred to the Federal Government, by his State, whether he would or not. Take the case of Patrick Henry, for example. He resisted the adoption of the Federal Constitution, by the State of Virginia, with all the energies of an ardent nature, solemnly believing that his State was committing suicide. And yet, when Virginia did adopt that Constitution, he became, by virtue of that act, a citizen of the United States, and owed allegiance to the Federal Government. He had been born in the hallowed old Commonwealth. In the days of his boyhood he had played on the banks of the Appomattox, and fished in its waters. As he grew to man's estate, all his cherished hopes, and aspirations
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 4
However men may think this ought to be, the fact is, that the people of the United States have chosen to impose control on State sovereignty. There are those, doubtous heresy that has riven the States asunder, in our day. The people of the United States, a common superior, ordained and established the Constitution, says Mr. Web of the loom. Following the idea of Mr. Webster, that the people of the United States gave constitutional law to the States, instead of receiving it from them, Nrticles was as follows: Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States, in Congress assembled, in all questions, which, by this Confederation, are so long as the contract which they were then forming should endure. The Confederate States respected this obligation while they remained in the Federal Union. Theyadopt that Constitution, he became, by virtue of that act, a citizen of the United States, and owed allegiance to the Federal Government. He had been born in the ha
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