I. To sentence, condemn, convict (in good prose; rare in the poets).
A. In judicial proceedings (opp. absolvo); constr. aliquem, with gen., abl., de aliquā re, later with ad or in aliquid, or with ut.
(α).
Aliquem: “hunc per judicem condemnabis, cujus de eā re nullum est arbitrium?” Cic. Rosc. Com. 9, 25; 9, 26: “Scamandrum, Fabricium,” id. Clu. 22, 59 sq.: “qui cum judex esset, pecuniam acciperet ab accusatore ut reum condemnaret,” Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 39: “omnis de consilii sententiā,” id. ib. 2, 5, 44, § “114: aliquem judicio turpissimo,” id. Rosc. Am. 39, 113: “ceteros causā incognitā,” id. N. D. 2, 29, 73: “L. Murenam,” Quint. 5, 10, 99: “super quadraginta reos ex diversis criminibus una sententia,” Suet. Calig. 38: “aliauem multā inrogatā,” id. Tib. 3 et saep.: “hunc hominem Veneri absolvat, sibi condemnat,” for his own benefit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22; cf.: illum libertum illi patrono HS. X. milia condemnare, i. e. to pay him, Gai Inst. 4, 46.—Pass. with kindr. acc.: “quasi ei, qui magnā fide societatem gererent, arbitrium pro socio condemnari solerent,” in an arbitration on the partnership, Cic. Quint. 3, 13: quidquid hereditario nomine condemnatus esset, Gai Inst. 2, 252.—And in jurid. formulae, also in act. with acc. of that to or in which one is condemned or mulcted: judex, si condemnat, certam pecuniam condemnare debet, Gai Inst. 4, 52; 4, 48: “usuras usurarum,” Dig. 42, 1, 27.—
(β).
With acc. and gen.: “aliquem ambitūs,” Cic. Clu. 36, 98; Suet. Caes. 9: “aliquem capitis,” capitally, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 233; Suet. Dom. 11: “injuriarum,” Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: “pecuniae publicae,” id. Fl. 18, 43: “rerum capitalium,” Sall. C. 36, 2: “sponsionis,” Cic. Caecin. 31, 91: voti, obliged to fulfil his vow (because his wish was granted), Titin. ap. Non. p. 277, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 153 Rib.); Turp. ib. (Com. Rel. v. 128 ib.); cf.: “damnare voti,” Liv. 10, 37, 16.—
(γ).
With acc. and abl.: “aliquem eodem crimine,” Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1: “actionibus famosis,” Dig. 3, 2, 6, § 1 sq.: “capitali poenā,” Suet. Dom. 14: “certā pecuniā,” to a certain sum, Dig. 10, 1, 3; cf.: “minori pecuniā,” ib. 27, 3, 20.—
(δ).
Acc. and de aliquā re: “aliquem de aleā,” Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56: “de ambitu,” Suet. Caes. 41.—(ε) Acc. and ad aliquid: “aliquem ad metalla, et munitiones viarum aut bestias,” Suet. Calig. 27; cf.: “ad bestias,” id. Claud. 14 fin.: “ad mortem,” Tac. A. 16, 21; Lact. 6, 23, 20: “ad pecuniam,” Dig. 26, 9, 5.—(ζ) Acc. and in aliquid: “in antliam,” Suet. Tib. 51: “in solidum,” Dig. 27, 3, 21: “in certam quantitatem,” ib. 46, 1, 45.— (η) Acc. and ut: “condemnatus, ut pecuniam solvat,” Dig. 42, 1, 4.—
B. Transf., in gen., to condemn, to accuse of, charge with; to blame, disapprove: vestra amatis; “ceteros causā incognitā condemnatis,” Cic. N. D. 2, 29, 73: “factum judicio amicorum,” id. Pis. 17, 39; id. Prov. Cons. 10, 25: “sceleris generum suum,” id. Fam. 14, 14, 2: “aliquem inertiae,” id. de Or. 1, 38, 172: “aliquem summae iniquitatis,” Caes. B. G. 7, 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1: “Gabinii litteras quādam notā atque ignominiā condemnastis,” Cic. Prov. Cons. 10, 25.—
II. To urge the condemnation of a person, to effect it, to prosecute (rare): “ego hoc uno crimine illum condemnem necesse est,” Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Rosc. Com. 9, 25 al.: “tanto apud judicem hunc argenti condemnabo facilius,” Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 50: “Fannium Caepionem ... reum majestatis apud judices fecit et condemnavit,” Suet. Tib. 8; id. Vit. 2; Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf. damno.