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35. On the same day on which these events took place the ships which had carried booty to Sicily happened to return with supplies, as though with a presentiment that they had come for booty a second time. [2] Not all the historians vouch for the slaying of two Carthaginian commanders of the same name in two cavalry battles, fearing, I suppose, unwittingly to tell the same story twice.1 Coelius and Valerius, to be sure, relate that Hanno too was captured.2

[3] Scipio bestowed conspicuous rewards upon the commanders and the horsemen according to the service each had rendered, and above all on Masinissa. [4] And having posted a strong garrison at Salaeca, he set out himself with the rest of the army. Laying waste not merely the farms wherever he went, but storming certain cities also and villages, while the alarm of the war was spread far and wide, on the seventh day after his departure he returned to camp bringing a great number of men and cattle and much booty of every kind; and again he sent away the ships loaded down with spoils of the enemy. [5] Then, giving up small raids and petty pillaging, he applied [p. 345]all his military [6??] resources to the siege of Utica, with3 the intention of having that city, if captured, as a base henceforth for all remaining operations. [7] From the fleet marines were brought up to the city on the side where it is washed by the sea,4 and at the same time land forces on the side where a height almost overhung the very walls. [8] Artillery and engines he had not only brought with him but they had also been sent from Sicily with the supplies, and new ones were being made in an arsenal where many makers of such devices had been interned for the purpose.5

For the people of Utica, completely beset by so great a force, all their hope was in the Carthaginian people; for the Carthaginians it was in Hasdrubal, provided he should prevail upon Syphax. But everything was moving more slowly than people in need of help desired. [9] Although Hasdrubal by most intensive recruiting had made up a [10??] total of about thirty thousand infantry and three thousand cavalry, it was not before the arrival of Syphax, however, that he dared to move his camp nearer to the enemy. [11] Syphax came with fifty thousand foot-soldiers and ten thousand horsemen, whereupon Hasdrubal, at once moving his camp away from Carthage, established himself not far from Utica and the Roman fortifications. [12] Their arrival had this effect at any [p. 347]rate, that Scipio, after besieging Utica for about6 forty days to no purpose in spite of all his attempts, retired from the place, having failed in his undertaking. [13] And as winter was now at hand, he fortified a winter camp on a promontory which is connected with the mainland by a narrow ridge, but extends for a considerable distance into the sea.7 [14] By a single earthwork he enclosed the naval camp as well. The camp of the legions being placed on the middle of the ridge, its northern side was occupied by the beached ships and the men to man them, its southern slope, descending to the other shore, by the cavalry. [15] Such were the events in Africa down to the end of autumn.

1 Livy appears to have followed a lost part of Polybius. Two annalists only are mentioned (next sentence) who accepted but one encounter with cavalry commanded by a Hanno. Cf. Appian l.c. 14; Dio Cass. l.c.( = Zonaras IX. xii. 4 f.). These tell the story quite differently. Modern historians are divided, some insisting that one of the battles is a doublet, e.g. De Sanctis III. 2. 581 f.; C.A.H. VIII. 100, n. 2. Not so Gsell, op. cit. 216, n. 4; Neumann, Das Zeitalter der punischen Kriege 522; Karstedt, Gesch. der Karthager III. 337 f., 545.

2 This is the statement of Appian also and Dio Cass. (Zon.), who add (ll. cc.) that the prisoner was exchanged for Masinissa's own mother. So much detail seems to establish the historicity of the second engagement reported. As for the first (xxix. 1), something more than identity of a name (especially of a common name) is needed to stamp it as necessarily fictitious.

3 B.C. 204

4 At the north-east end of a long ridge. Just beyond there was a small island on which lay the oldest quarter of the city, at least 200 years older than Carthage (cf. Gades, p. 141, n. 1). The Medjerda (Bagradas) has since changed its winding course far to the west, and coming within less than half a mile of the ridge, has brought down alluvial deposits so extensive that the ruins of Utica are now about 7 miles from the nearest coast-line. Cf. Caesar B.C. II. xxiv. 1, 3; Polybius I. lxxv. 5; XV. ii. 8 (his name for the river is Macaras); Strabo XVII. iii. 13 fin.; Pliny N.H. V. 24. Appian Pun. 75 errs as to the distance from Carthage, which was 27 miles (Itin. Ant. 22).

5 The artisans as captives had become public slaves of the Roman people. Cf. those taken at New Carthage, XXVI. xlvii. 2; Polybius X. xvii. 6, 9.

6 B.C. 204

7 Caesar describes the site, still called Castra Corneli(an)a in his time and much later; B.C. II. xxiv; cf. Appian B.C. II. 44; Pliny N.H. V. 29; Ptolemy IV. 3. It was at the north-east end of a long ridge projecting into the sea (a cape Polybius calls it, XIV. vi. 7), and parallel to the ridge on which lay Utica, nearly two miles farther west, with a broad marsh between them. Caesar's text gives half the actual distance.

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load focus Summary (Latin, W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Robert Seymour Conway, Stephen Keymer Johnson, 1935)
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  • Commentary references to this page (14):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.10
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 33.49
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.13
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.12
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.17
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 38.27
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 38.38
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.35
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.35
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 41-42, commentary, 41.18
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 41-42, commentary, 41.2
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.12
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.5
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, book 45, commentary, 45.38
  • Cross-references to this page (10):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Salacoa
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Vtica.
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Valerius Antias
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Castra
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Hanno
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Hasdrubal
    • Harper's, Hasdrŭbal
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), CASTRA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), UTICA
    • Smith's Bio, Hasdrubal
  • Cross-references in notes to this page (1):
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (13):
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