This text is part of:
1 Livy appears to have followed a lost part of Polybius. Two annalists only are mentioned (next sentence) who accepted but one encounter with cavalry commanded by a Hanno. Cf. Appian l.c. 14; Dio Cass. l.c.( = Zonaras IX. xii. 4 f.). These tell the story quite differently. Modern historians are divided, some insisting that one of the battles is a doublet, e.g. De Sanctis III. 2. 581 f.; C.A.H. VIII. 100, n. 2. Not so Gsell, op. cit. 216, n. 4; Neumann, Das Zeitalter der punischen Kriege 522; Karstedt, Gesch. der Karthager III. 337 f., 545.
2 This is the statement of Appian also and Dio Cass. (Zon.), who add (ll. cc.) that the prisoner was exchanged for Masinissa's own mother. So much detail seems to establish the historicity of the second engagement reported. As for the first (xxix. 1), something more than identity of a name (especially of a common name) is needed to stamp it as necessarily fictitious.
3 B.C. 204
4 At the north-east end of a long ridge. Just beyond there was a small island on which lay the oldest quarter of the city, at least 200 years older than Carthage (cf. Gades, p. 141, n. 1). The Medjerda (Bagradas) has since changed its winding course far to the west, and coming within less than half a mile of the ridge, has brought down alluvial deposits so extensive that the ruins of Utica are now about 7 miles from the nearest coast-line. Cf. Caesar B.C. II. xxiv. 1, 3; Polybius I. lxxv. 5; XV. ii. 8 (his name for the river is Macaras); Strabo XVII. iii. 13 fin.; Pliny N.H. V. 24. Appian Pun. 75 errs as to the distance from Carthage, which was 27 miles (Itin. Ant. 22).
5 The artisans as captives had become public slaves of the Roman people. Cf. those taken at New Carthage, XXVI. xlvii. 2; Polybius X. xvii. 6, 9.
6 B.C. 204
7 Caesar describes the site, still called Castra Corneli(an)a in his time and much later; B.C. II. xxiv; cf. Appian B.C. II. 44; Pliny N.H. V. 29; Ptolemy IV. 3. It was at the north-east end of a long ridge projecting into the sea (a cape Polybius calls it, XIV. vi. 7), and parallel to the ridge on which lay Utica, nearly two miles farther west, with a broad marsh between them. Caesar's text gives half the actual distance.
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.