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Chronological Table

106Birth of Cicero (Jan. 3).
Birth of Pompey (Sept. 30).
Marius finishes the Jugurthine War.
102Birth of Quintus Cicero.
The Teutones defeated by Marius at Aquae Sextiae.
101The Cimbri defeated by Marius at Vercellae.
100 (perhaps 102).Birth of Caesar (July 12).
99Death of Saturninus and Glaucia.
91Murder of M. Livius Drusus.
Social (or Marsic) War begins.
90Cicero assumes the toga virilis.
89Cicero serves under Cn. Pompeius Strabo in the Social War.
88First Civil War begins. Flight of Marius.
First Mithridatic War begins (ends 84).
Massacre of Roman citizens by Mithridates.
Sulla leaves Rome for the East.
87Conflict between Cinna and Octavius.
Marius returns to Rome.
Massacre of the senatorial party.
86Marius consul for the seventh time.
Death of Marius.
Rome in the hands of Cinna.
84Sulla ends the First Mithridatic War.
Murder of Cinna.
83Sulla returns to Italy.
Second Mithridatic War (ends 82).
82Sulla overthrows the Marian party.
The Proscription (ends June 1, 81).
Sulla appointed Dictator.
81Reforms of Sulla: the courts reorganized, etc.
Cicero's Defence of P. Quinctius (his first extant oration).
80Sulla's constitution goes into effect. The courts re-opened.
Cicero's Defence of Roscius of Ameria.
Pompey celebrates his first triumph.
79Sulla resigns the dictatorship.
Cicero goes to Greece.
78Cicero in Athens and Asia.
Death of Sulla.
Civil War of Lepidus and Catulus.
77Cicero returns from Greece.
He marries Terentia (perhaps earlier).
76War with Sertorius (ends 72).
75Cicero quaestor in Sicily.
74Third Mithridatic War begins.
Lucullus goes to the East.
Cicero returns from Sicily to Rome.
73War with Spartacus (ends with the death of Spartacus, 71).
Successes of Lucullus against Mithridates.
72End of the Sertorian War in Spain (Pompey defeats Perperna).
70First consulship of Pompey and Crassus.
Cicero's Impeachment of Verres.
Courts restored to the equites.
Tribunician power re-established.
69Cicero curule aedile.
Lucullus defeats Tigranes at Tigranocerta.
68Successes of Mithridates against the lieutenants of Lucullus.
67Glabrio appointed to supersede Lucullus.
Gabinian Law. Pompey takes command against the Pirates.
66Cicero praetor.
His Defence of Cluentius.
The Piratic War successfully ended by Pompey.
Manilian Law (advocated by Cicero).
Pompey takes command against Mithridates.
65Birth of Cicero's only son, Marcus.
First Conspiracy of Catiline.
63Cicero and C. Antonius consuls.
Second conspiracy of Catiline suppressed.
Four Orations against Catiline.
Birth of Augustus (Sept. 23).
62Return of Pompey from the East.
Cicero's Defence of Archias.
61Trial of Clodius for violating the mysteries.
Cicero's strife with him in the Senate.
60The First Triumvirate (coalition of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus).
First consulship of Caesar (with Bibulus).
Clodius is chosen tribune.
58Tribunate of Clodius. His legislation.
Cicero driven into exile.
Beginning of Caesar's conquest of Gaul (finished in 51).
57Cicero recalled from exile (law passed Aug. 4).
56Cicero's Defence of Sestius.
55Second consulship of Pompey and Crassus.
Caesar's command in Gaul renewed.
His first invasion of Britain.
54Caesar's second invasion of Britain.
53Cicero made augur.
Crassus and his army destroyed by the Parthians (Battle of Carrhae).
52Clodius killed (Jan. 20). Burning of the Senate-house.
Pompey elected consul without colleague (Feb. 25).
Cicero's Defence of Milo.
51Cicero proconsul in Cilicia.
His successful campaign against the mountaineers.
50Cicero returns to Italy.
49Caesar crosses the Rubicon. Beginning of the Great Civil War (ends 46).
Cicero's efforts for peace.
Pompey retires to Epirus, where Cicero joins him.
Caesar acquires Spain.
Caesar dictator.
48Battle of Pharsalia. Death of Pompey.
Caesar in Africa (Alexandrine War).
Caesar re-appointed dictator.
47Caesar returns to Rome.
Caesar pardons Cicero.
He sails for Africa against the Pompeians.
46Battle of Thapsus. Cato kills himself at Utica.
Caesar returns to Rome, undisputed master of the Empire.
He is made dictator for ten years.
His reform of the calendar.
Revolt of the sons of Pompey in Spain.
Cicero divorces Terentia and marries Publilia.
Cicero's Oration for Marcellus; for Ligarius.
45Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey (Battle of Munda).
Death of Cicero's daughter, Tullia, Tusculan Questions, etc.
Cicero divorces Publilia.
Caesar appointed dictator for ten years.
44Caesar appointed dictator for life.
Assassination of Caesar (March 15).
Octavianus in Rome. Struggle between Mark Antony and the Senate begins.
Cicero's first four Philippics (against Antony).
43Cicero's Philippics 5-14. The Mutina War.
The Second Triumvirate (Octavianus, Antony, and Lepidus) .
Proscription. Murder of Cicero (Dec. 7).
42Battle of Philippi.


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