A. causal Tenses, cause to sink, sink, plunge in; pres. only in Thphr.HP5.4.8 οὐκ ἐν ἴσῳ βάθει πάντα δύοντες τῆς θαλάσσης: aor. 1 ἔδυ_σα (ἐξ-) Od.14.341; cf. the compds. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω.
B. non-causal, get or go into, c. acc.: pres. δύω (v. 1.4); more freq. “δύνω” Il.17.202, Hes.Op.616, S.Ph.1331, etc.; Ep. impf. “δῦνον” Il.11.268: aor. “ἔδυ_να” Batr.245, part. “δύνας” Plb.9.15.9, Paus.2.11.7, Ael.VH4.1, but “ἔδυ_σα” Ev.Marc.1.32, etc.: more freq. Med. “δύομαι” Il. 5.140, E.Rh.529 (lyr.), etc. (also in Att. Inscrr., as IG22.1241): impf. “ἐδυόμην” Pl.Plt.269a; Ep. “δύοντο” Il.15.345: fut. δύσομαι [υ_] 7.298, E. El.1271: aor. “ἐδυ_σάμην” A.R.4.865, (ἀπό) Nic.Al.302; Ep. 3pl. “δύσαντο” Il.23.739, opt. δυσαίατο prob. in 18.376 (Prose and Com. in Compds.); Hom. mostly uses the Ep. forms ἐδύσεο, ἐδύσετο, imper. “δύσεο” 19.36, Hes.Sc.108, part. δυσόμενος (in pres.sense) Od.1.24, Hes. Op.384: more freq. aor. ἔδυν (as if from Δῦμι) Il.11.63, etc.; 3dual ἐδύτην [υ_] 10.254; 1pl. “ἔδυ_μεν” S.Fr.367; “ἔδυ_τε” Od.24.106; ἔδυ_σαν, Ep. “ἔδυν” Il.11.263; Ion. 3sg. “δύσκεν” 8.271; imper. δῦθι, δῦτε, 16.64, 18.140; subj. δύω [υ_] 6.340, 22.99, but δύῃ [υ^] Hes.Op.728; Ep. opt. δύη [υ_] (for δυίη) Od.18.348; inf. “δῦναι” Il.10.221, Att., Ep. δύμεναι [υ_] 14.63, “ἐκ-δῦμεν” 16.99; part. δύς, δῦσα, Hdt.8.8: pf. “δέδυ_κα” Il.5.811, Sapph.52, Pl.Phd.116e; Dor. inf. δεδυκεῖν [υ_] Theoc.1.102:—Pass., fut. and aor. δυ^θήσομαι, ἐδύθην [υ^], and a pf. δέδυ^μαι only in compds., v. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-δύω. [υ^ in δύω in pres. and impf. Act. and Med., Hom.; but A.R. has δυ_ομαι“, δυ_ετο” 1.581, part. δυ_όμενος ib.925, Call. Epigr.22; “δυ?εται” Nonn.D.7.286; “ἐκ-δέδυ^κας” AP5.72 (Rufin.).]
I. of Places or Countries, enter, make one's way into, in Hom. the most freq. use, εἰ . . κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω (aor. 2) Il.22.99; “πόλιν δύσεσθαι” Od.7.18; ἔδυ νέφεα plunged into the clouds, of a star, Il.11.63; δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον plunge into the lap of Ocean, 18.140; γαῖαν ἐδύτην went beneath the earth, i.e. died, 6.19, cf. 411, etc.; πόλεμον δύμεναι plunge into . . , 14.63; “θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα” 7.298; “ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν” 20.379; δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας go in to them, Od. 17.276; rarely in Trag., “αἰθέρα δ.” S.Aj.1192 (lyr.), cf. E.El.1271.
2. in Ep. less freq. with Preps., “ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω” Il.11.263; “δύσομαι εἰς Ἀΐδαο” Od.12.383; “ἐς πόντον ἐδύσετο” 5.352; “δέρτρον ἔσω δύνοντες” 11.579; “δύσεθ᾽ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα” Il.6.136; “ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκ᾽ ἔδυσαν” 18.145; κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται slinks into the fold, 5.140; “καθ᾽ ὅμιλον ἔδυ Τρώων” 3.36 (rarely c. gen., “κατὰ σπείους κοίλοιο δέδυκεν” Od.12.93); πάϊς ω<*>ς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα he got himself unto Ajax, i.e. got behind his shield, Il.8.271; βέλος δ᾽ εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ ib. 85; “ἀκίδες δεδυκυῖαι διὰ φλεβῶν” Plu.Crass.25; in Prose and Trag. mostly with a Prep. (but δυόμενοι abs., diving, Th.7.25), “δῦναι ἐς θάλασσαν” Hdt.8.8; “ἐς ἄντρον” A.Fr.261; “ἁρμὸν . . πρὸς αὐτὸ στόμιον” S. Ant.1217; “κατὰ βάθος” Pl.Lg.905a; “κατὰ τῆς γῆς” Id.Phd.113c, etc.
3. abs., εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος the sword entered his body, Il.16.340; δύνει ἀλοιφή sinks in (where however βοείην may be supplied), 17.392:—Med., “δύου πάλιν” Ar.V.148.
4. of Sun and Stars, sink into [the sea], set, “ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ” Il.18.241, cf. Od.3.329, etc.; “ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο” 13.35; “δύσετό τ᾽ ἠέλιος” 2.388, cf. Il.7.465, etc.; “ἀελίω δύντος” Sapph.Supp.25.8; so Βοώτης ὀψὲ δύων late-setting Boötes, Od. 5.272; “δείελος ὀψὲ δύων” Il.21.232; [“σελαναία] δύεν” Bion Fr.8.6; “πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου” Hdt.7.149; “πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος” D.15.22; δυσόμενος Υπερίων (to mark the West) Od.1.24; ἐδύετο εἰς τόπον [ὁ ἥλιος] Pl.Plt.269a; πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου towards the West, A.Supp.255: metaph., “βίου δύντος αὐγαί” Id.Ag.1123 (lyr.); ἔδυ πρόπας δόμος ib.1011 (lyr.); δεδυκὸς ζῆν live in retirement, Pl.Lg.781c.
II. of clothes and armour, get into, “Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα δ.” Il.6.340, etc.; κυνέην δ. put on one's helmet, 5.845; “δῦ δὲ χιτῶν᾽” 18.416: metaph., εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν if thou wilt not put on strength, 9.231; so “ἀνάγκας ἔδυ λέπαδνον” A.Ag.218 (lyr.): hence,
2. trans., put on, “ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοισιν ἐδύσετο τεύχεα” Il. 3.328, etc.; “ὤμοιϊν . . τεύχεα δῦθι” 16.64; “χιτῶνα περὶ χροΐ . . δῦνεν” Od. 15.61; “χρυσὸν . . ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ” Il.8.43.
3. rarely abs. with a Prep., “ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην” 10.272, cf. A.R.1.638; “ἐς τεύχεα δύντε” Od.22.201.
III. of sufferings, passions, and the like , enter, come over or upon, “κάματος . . γυῖα δέδυκεν” Il.5.811; “ὄφρ᾽ ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην” Od.18.348; “ἦτορ δῦν᾽ ἄχος” Il.19.367; “ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος” 11.272; κρατερὴ δέ ἑ λύσσα δέδυκε madness is come over him, 9.239; δῦ μιν Ἄρης Ares, i.e. the spirit of war, filled him, 17.210; “μιν ἔδυ χόλος” 19.16.