Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

A.turn, turning:

I. τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο:

a. ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο apparently denotes a point on the horizon, prob. the West or place where the sum sets (so Eust.1787.20), Od.15.404.

b. each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices, first in Hes., “ἠελίοιο τροπῇς” at the time of the (winter) solstice, Op. 479; μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελ. ib.564,663 (with Dor. acc. pl. in -α^ς）“; πεδὰ τὰς τροπάς” Alcm.33.5:—later the two solstices were distinguished as τροπαὶ θεριναί and χειμεριναί, Hdt.2.19, Th.7.16, Pl.Lg.767c, Arist. HA542b4 sqq., Gal.6.405, etc. (rarely in sg., “τροπὴ θερινή” Arist.Mete. 364b2, Gem.1.13; τ. χειμερινή ib.15); “τροπαὶ νότιοι” Arist.HA542b11; τ. βόρειοι, νότιοι, Plu.2.601a:—when τροπαί is used alone, it mostly refers to the winter solstice, but the sense is always determined by the context, v. Hes. ll. cc.; περὶ ἡλίου τροπάς (sc. χειμερινάς) Th.8.39; “εὐθὺς ἐκ τροπῶν” Arist.HA542b20:—sts. also of other heavenly bodies, Pl.Ti.39d; “περὶ Πλειάδος δύσιν καὶ τροπάς” Arist.HA542b23, etc.; “ἄστρων ἐπιτολάς, δύσεις, τροπάς” Alex.30.5; “τροπὰς τῶν ἐνδεδεμένων ἄστρων” Arist.Cael.296b4; “τροπαὶ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης” Epicur.Ep.2p.40U.:—sts. four in number (the two equinoxes and two solstices), S.E.M.5.11, Gal.17(1).22; so (on a sun-dial) “θερινὴ τ., ἰσημερινὴ τ., χειμερινὴ τ., Ἀρχ.Δελτ.” 12.236 (Samos).

2. turn, change, Arist.Pol.1316a17; “πλείους τραπόμενος τροπὰς τοῦ Εὐρίπου” Aeschin. 3.90; τ. πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον turn for the better, Phld.Rh.2.25S.; “ὀξυτέρας τρεπόμενος τ. τοῦ χαμαιλέοντος” Plu.Alc.23; “αἱ τοῦ κόλακος ὥσπερ πολύποδος τ.” Id.2.52f; “αἱ τῶ αἵματος τ. καὶ ἀλλοιώσιες” Ti.Locr.102c; αἱ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τ. changes in the air or weather, Plu.2.946f; of wine, a turning sour, ib.939f (cf. τροπίας); going bad, of food, “τ. καὶ διαφθορὰ τῶν παρακειμένων” Gal.19.208; of phonetic change in language, A.D. Adv.210.4, Hdn.Gr.2.932.

3. τροπαὶ λέξεως a change of speech by figures or tropes (τρόποι), Luc.Dem.Enc.6, cf. Hermog.Inv.4.10, al.

4. αἱ τροπαί, = αἱ τροπαῖαι, alternating winds, Arist.Pr. 940b16, 21, Thphr.CP2.3.1, Vent.26.

II. the turning about of the enemy, putting to flight or routing him, τροπήν (or τροπάς） τινος ποιεῖν or ποιεῖσθαι put one to flight, Hdt.1.30, Ar.Eq.246 (troch.), Th.2.19, 6.69, etc.; οἵαν ἂν τροπὴν Εὐρυσθέως θείμην （θείην codd.) E.Heracl. 743; “τροπὴ γινομένη” Hdt.7.167, cf. Th.1.49,50, etc.: poet., “ἐν μάχης τροπῇ” A.Ag.1237; ἐν τροπῇ δορός in the rout caused by the spear, S.Aj.1275, E.Rh.82.

III. used by Democr. for θέσις, position, Arist.Metaph.985b17, 1042b14, cf. Plot.4.5.2, 4.5.6.

IV. a coin, Hsch.; cf. τροπαϊκόν.