I. guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od.1.313, etc. ; “ξεῖνοι δὲ . . εὐχόμεθ᾽ εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος” 15.196 ; “ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός” Il.6.215 ; “ξ. δ᾽ ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ᾽ εἶναι” Od.1.187 ; “φησὶ δ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι” 17.522 ; later freq. coupled with “φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος” D.21.110, cf. 18.46, X.An.2.1.5, Lys. 19.19 ; “βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ.” Pl.Men.78d.
2. of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od.8.145, etc. ; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib.543, etc. ; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc.2.154 ; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb.118.4 (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the host, Il.15.532, A.R.1.208, Ep.Rom.16.23, etc. : c. dat., “ξεῖνός τινι” Hdt.1.20,22, cf. Th.2.13, X.An.1.1.10, etc. ; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.
II. stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled with “ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος” Od.9.270, cf. 8.546; with “πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε” 6.208.
III. generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes.Op.225; opp. ἀστός, Pi.O.7.90, S.OC13, And.4.10, etc. ; “πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ.” Pi.I.1.51, cf. A. Th.924 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 473d, etc. ; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id.Men.94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG12.39.53 ; with ἔπηλυς, Luc.Herm.24 ; opp. a member of the family, PMasp.169.10 (vi A. D.), etc.
b. as a term of address to any stranger, “ὦ ξένε” E.Ion247, Mosch.1.5, etc. ; “ὦ ξένη” Pl.Smp. 204c.
IV. hireling, Od.14.102 ; esp. mercenary soldier, IG12.949.89, X.An.1.1.10, D.18.152, etc. ; “ξ. ναυβάται” Th.1.121 : rarely simply, ally, X.Lac. 12.3.
B. as Adj. ξένος , η, ον (also ος, ον E.Supp.94), Ion. ξεῖνος , η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrases “ξεῖνε πάτερ” Od.7.28, “ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι” Il.24.202, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers, “ξείνα γαῖα” Pi.P.4.118 codd.; “ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός” S.OC1256 ; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id.El.1141 ; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E.Ph.339 (lyr.), 369, etc. ; of alien property, “ξ. ἄρουραι” PMasp.295.22 (vi A.D.).
II. c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it, “ξ. τοῦ λόγου” S.OT219, cf. AP4.3a.37 (Agath.); “ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας” Ep.Eph.2.12, cf. BGU405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl.Ap.17d ; “ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου” Them. Or.21.253c.
III. strange, unusual, “λόγοι” A.Pr.688 (lyr.) ; “τιμωρίαι” Ti.Locr.104d ; “ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον” Arist.Rh.1404b11, cf. 1415a7 ; “οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται” Epicur.Fr.266 ; “τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα” Arist.Pol.1336b34 ; “ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι” D.S.3.15 ; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I Ep.Pet.4.12 ; “διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ.” Ep.Hebr.13.9 ; “ξ. δαιμόνια” Act.Ap.17.18 : Sup., “πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων” Phld.Herc.1251.5 ; “ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα” Luc.Cont.13, etc. Adv. “ξένως, λαλεῖν” Phld.P0.5.12.