A.means of knowing: hence, mark, token, Thgn.60 (pl.); of the teeth (cf. “γνώμων” 111), Arist.HA576b15.
II. organ by which one perceives or knows, intelligence,
1. thought, judgement (“τῆς ψυχῆς ἡ γ.” Pl.Lg.672b), “ἐκμαθεῖν ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γ.” S. Ant.176: acc. abs., γνώμην ἱκανός intelligent, Hdt.3.4; γ. ἀγαθός, κακός, S.OT687, Ph.910; “τοιάδε τὴν γ.” Id.El.1021; “κατὰ γ. ἴδρις” Id.OT1087 (lyr.); “γνώμᾳ διπλόαν θέτο βουλάν” Pi.N.10.89; “γνώμῃ μαθεῖν τι” S.OC403; “γνώμῃ κυρήσας” Id.OT398; γνώμῃ φρενῶν, opp. ὀργῇ, ib. 524; “γνώμης ξύνεσις” Th.1.75; “γνώμης μᾶλλον ἐφόδῳ ἢ ἰσχύος” Id.3.11; “ταῖς γ. καὶ τοῖς σώμασι σφάλλεσθαι” X. Cyr.1.3.10, cf. Th.1.70; γνώμῃ, opp. “τύχῃ, σωφρονοῦντες” Isoc.3.47; γνώμης ἅπτεσθαι affect the head, of wine or fever, Hp.Acut.63, Fract.11; γνώμην ἔχειν understand, S. El.214 (lyr.), Ar.Ach.396; “πάντων γ. ἴσχειν” S.Ph.837 (lyr.); προσέχειν γνώμην give heed, attend, “δεῦρο τὴν γ. προσίσχετε” Eup.37; “πρὸς ἕτερον γνώμην ἔχειν” Aeschin. 3.192; to be on one's guard, Th.1.95; δηλοῦν τὴν γ. ἔν τινι to show one's wit in . . , Id.3.37; “ἐν γνώμῃ τι παραστῆσαι” D.4.17; ἀπὸ γνώμης φέρειν ψῆφον δικαίαν with a good conscience, A.Eu.674; but οὐκ ἀπὸ γ. λέγεις not without judgement, with good sense, S.Tr.389; “ἄτερ γνώμης” A.Pr.456; “ἄνευ γ.” S.OC594; γνώμῃ κολάζειν with good reason, X.An.2.6.10; γνώμῃ τῇ ἀρίστῃ (sc. κρίνειν or δικάζειν) to the best of one's judgement, in the dicasts' oath, Arist.Rh. 1375a29; “ἡ καλουμένη γ. τοῦ ἐπιεικοῦς κρίσις ὀρθή” Id.EN1143a19; so “περὶ ὧν ἂν νόμοι μὴ ὦσι, γνώμῃ τῇ δικαιοτάτῃ κρινεῖν” D.20.118; “γ. τῇ δ. δικάσειν ὀμωμόκασιν” Id.23.96, cf. 39.40; “τῇ δ. γ.” Arist.Pol.1287a26; ὅστις γνώμῃ μὴ καθαρεύει has not a clear conscience, Ar.Ra. 355.
2. will, disposition, inclination, “εὐσεβεῖ γνώμᾳ” Pi.O.3.41; “γ. Διός” A.Pr.1003; ἐν γνώμῃ γεγονέναι τινί to stand high in his favour, Hdt.6.37; πάσῃ τῇ γ. with all one's zeal, Th.6.45; “τίνα αὐτοὺς οἴεσθε γ. ἕξειν περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν” And.1.104; “γ. ἔ. περί τινα” Lys.10.21; πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους τὴν γ. ἔχειν to be inclined towards . . , Th.5.44; ἐμπιμπλάναι τὴν γ. τινός satisfy his wishes, X.An.1.7.8, cf. HG6.1.15 (pl.); ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης on his own initiative, Th.4.68; ἐκ μιᾶς γ. of one accord, with one consent, D.10.59; “μιᾷ γνώμῃ” Th.1.122, 6.17; “διὰ μιᾶς γ. γίγνεσθαι” Isoc.4.139; κατὰ γνώμην according to one's mind or wishes, “ὅταν τἀκεῖ θῶ κατὰ γνώμην ἐμήν” E.Andr.737; “ἄν τι μὴ κατὰ γ. ἐκβῇ” D.1.16: in pl., φίλιαι γνῶμαι friendly sentiments, Hdt. 9.4.
III. judgement, opinion, “βροτῶν γ.” Parm.8.61; ταύτῃ . . τῇ γνώμῃ πλεῖστός εἰμι I in cline mostly to this view, Hdt.7.220 (s. v.l.); also “ταύτῃ πλεῖστος τὴν γνώμην εἰμί” Id.1.120; “ἡ πλείστη γ. ἐστί τινι” Id.5.126; “τλέον φέρει ἡ γ. τινί” Id.8.100; “τὸ πλεῖστον τῆς γ. εἶχεν . . προσμεῖξαι” Th.3.31; “γνώμην τίθεσθαι” Hdt.3.80; οὕτως τὴν γ. ἔχειν to be of this opinion, Th.7.15, cf. X.Cyr.6.2.8, Ar.Nu.157; “εἴ τινι γ. τοιαύτη παρειστήκει περὶ ἐμοῦ” And.1.54; “τὴν αὐτὴν γ. ἔχειν” Th.2.55; τῆς αὐτῆς γ. εἶναι, ἔχεσθαι, Id.1.113, 140; “ὁ αὐτὸς εἰμὶ τῇ γ.” Id.3.38; κατὰ γ. τὴν ἐμήν in my judgement or opinion, Hdt.2.26, 5.3; ellipt., “κατά γε τὴν ἐμήν” Ar.Ec.153, cf. Plb.18.1.18, D.H.Isoc.3: abs., “γνώμην ἐμήν” Ar.V.983, Pax232; παρὰ γνώμην τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐγένετο contrary to general opinion, Th.4.40; but παρὰ γ. κινδυνευταί reckless venturers, Id.1.70, cf. 4.19; εἰπὲ μὴ παρὰ γ. ἐμοί either contrary to my wish, or contrary to your true opinion, A.Ag.931, cf.Supp.454: freq. of opinions delivered publicly, “ἑστάναι πρὸς τὴν γ. τινός” Th.4.56; Θεμιστοκλέους γνώμῃ by the advice of Th., Id.1.90,93; γνώμην ἀποφαίνειν deliver an opinion, Hdt.1.40; ἀποδείκνυσθαι ib.207; “ἐκφαίνειν” Id.5.36; “τίθεσθαι” S.Ph.1448 (anap.), Ar.Ec.658; “ἀποφαίνεσθαι” E.Supp.336; “ποιεῖσθαι περί τινων” Th.3.36; γνώμας κατέθεντο have made up their minds, Parm.8.53.
2. proposition, motion, “γνώμην εἰσφέρειν” Hdt.3.80,81; “εἰπεῖν” Th.8.68, etc.; (but γνώμας προτιθέναι hold a debate, Th.3.36); “γνῶμαι τρεῖς προεκέατο” Hdt.3.83: freq. in Inscrr., resolution, IG12.118.28, etc.; γ. στρατηγῶν ib.22.27; Κλεισόφου καὶ σιυμπρυτάνεων ib.1; ἡ ἐκφερομένη γ. ib.1051c26; γνώμην νικᾶν carry a motion, Ar.V.594, Nu.432; “κρατεῖν τῇ γ.” Plu.Cor.17.
3. γνῶμαι, αἱ, practical maxims, Heraclit. 78, S.Aj.1091, X.Mem.4.2.9, Arist.Rh.1395a11 (sg., 1394a22).
4. in pl., fancies, illusions, S.Aj.52.
5. intention, purpose, resolve, ἀπὸ τοιᾶσδε γνώμης with some such purpose as this, Th.3.92; γνώμην ποιεῖ σθαι, c.inf., propose to do, Id.1.128; κατὰ γνώμην of set purpose, D.H. 6.81 (so also “γνώμης” Lib.Or.33.13, 50.12); τίνα ἔχουσα γνώμην; with what purpose? Hdt.3.119; οἶδα δ᾽ οὐ γνώμῃ τίνι; with what intent? S.OT527, cf. Aj.448; ἡ ξύμπασα γ. τῶν λεχθέντων the general purport . . , Th.1.22; ἦν τοῦ τείχους ἡ γνώμη . . , ἵνα . . the purpose of it was . . , that . . , Id.8.90.