I.abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. τέμνω; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time.
I. Lit., a portion or period of time, a time: “tempus diei,” daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116: “extremum diei,” Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.: “matutina tempora,” morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: “anni tempora,” the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.: “quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107: “maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,” Caes. B. G. 1, 54: “erat hibernum tempus anni,” Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—
2. Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time: “longo post tempore,” Verg. E. 1, 68: “magno post tempore,” Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1: “brevi post tempore,” id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6: “parvo post tempore,” Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.: “longis temporibus ante,” Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—
B. Transf., time, in general.
1. Lit.
a. In gen.: “tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,” Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39: “tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,” Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.: “neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,” Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.: “nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,” Cic. Quint. 1, 4: “vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,” id. Att. 1, 14, 1: “egeo tempore,” id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4: “unius horae tempus,” Liv. 44, 9, 4: “aliquot dierum tempus amisit,” Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5: “tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,” Liv. 29, 5, 7: “triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,” id. 38, 37, 10: “tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,” Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211: “ut tempora postulabant belli,” Liv. 24, 8, 7: “nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,” id. 35, 28, 1: “temporibus Punici belli,” Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11: “mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,” Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14: “erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,” id. Mil. 26, 69: “ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,” id. Fam. 3, 4, 2: “eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,” Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13: “tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,” id. 2, 32, 9: “privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,” id. 3, 20, 4: “per idem tempus,” Cic. Brut. 83, 286: “quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,” at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10: “scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,” Quint. 10, 4, 2: “non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,” Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32: “uno et eodem temporis puncto nati . . . nascendi tempus,” Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.: “alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,” id. Fam. 3, 10, 6: “dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,” id. ib. 1, 9, 3: “committendi proelii,” Caes. B. G. 2, 19: “edendi,” Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22: “curandi,” id. ib. 1, 2, 39: “tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,” Liv. 34, 33, 5: “datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,” id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.: “id certis temporibus futurum,” Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23: “si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,” id. ib. 1, 27, 43: “superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,” id. Fam. 5, 17, 1: “illis temporibus,” id. Lael. 1, 5: “temporibus illis,” id. Arch. 3, 6. —
b. In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = καιρός: “nunc occasio est et tempus,” Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3: “tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,” id. Mil. 4, 3, 9: “spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,” id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.: “tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,” Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27: “dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,” Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8: “nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,” Sil. 11, 194: “consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,” Liv. 8, 10, 1: “cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,” was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20: “verno inserentis tempus urguet,” Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.: “sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,” Cic. Top. 1, 5: “dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,” id. de Or. 2, 42, 181: “conari etiam majora,” Liv. 6, 18, 12: “nunc corpora curare tempus est,” id. 21, 54, 2: “tibi abire,” Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215: “jam tempus agi res,” Verg. A. 5, 638: “tempus est jam hinc abire me,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99: “suo tempore,” at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—
(β).
tempŏra , um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. τὰ καίρια (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.: “duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,” Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.—Sing.: “contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,” Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.—Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).—The head: “jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,” upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.: “tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,” Cat. 61, 162. —
2. Transf.
a. The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances): “si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,” time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2: “omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi ... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,” id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1: “quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,” id. Planc. 32, 79: “tempori meo defuerunt,” my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: “qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,” id. Arch. 6, 12: “tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,” id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: “nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,” id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8: “neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,” id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: “suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,” id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5: “in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,” id. Fl. 3, 6: “tempore summo rei publicae,” id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.: “pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,” id. Off. 3, 24, 93: “pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,” Sall. C. 30, 5: “o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,” to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1: “eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,” at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.: “nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,” Lucr. 1, 93: “indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,” Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.: “incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,” Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31: “omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,” id. Clu. 50, 139: “tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,” id. Fam. 2, 18, 3: “scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,” id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. § “11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: “cedere temporibus,” id. Mil. 1, 2: “animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,” Hor. C. 4, 9, 36: “Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,” Curt. 5, 3, 4.—
b. Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity: “idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,” Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.: “tempora certa modique,” Hor. S. 1, 4, 58: “rhythmi spatio temporum constant,” Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq.—
c. In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—
II. Adverb. phrases.
A. tempŏrē , and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī , at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably: “rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,” Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.: “qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22: “sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,” Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.: “temperi huic anteveni,” id. Trin. 4, 2, 66: “temperi ego faxo scies,” id. Ps. 1, 3, 153: “ut cenam coqueret temperi,” id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi: “postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,” Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6: “ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,” Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1: “temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,” Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.: “tempore abest,” id. H. 4, 109.—Comp.: “memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,” Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8: “modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,” more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198: “ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,” Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—
B. Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually: “tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri, ... Tempore paret equus habenis,” Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —
C. Ad tempus.
1. At the right or appointed time, in time: “ad tempus redire,” Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2: “ad tempus venire,” Liv. 38, 25: “ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,” Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—
2. For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment: “quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,” Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27: “coli ad tempus,” id. Lael. 15, 53: dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.: “ad breve (sc. tempus),” Suet. Tib. 68. —
D. Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon: “ante tempus mori miserum esse,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11: “ante tempus domo digressus,” Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.: “sero post tempus venis,” Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—
E. Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore: “versus fundere ex tempore,” Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194: “magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,” id. Arch. 8, 18: “scribere,” Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—
2. According to circumstances: “expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,” Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33: “haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,” id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—
F. In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time: “in tempore ad eam veni,” Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123: “in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,” in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52: “ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,” Liv. 33, 5, 2: “in tempore memorare,” Tac. A. 1, 58 fin.—
G. In tempus, for a time, temporarily: “scena in tempus structa,” Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.: “in omne tempus,” forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—
H. Per tempus, at the right time, in time: “non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,” Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.: “per tempus subvenistis mihi,” id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—
K. Pro tempore, according to circumstances: “consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,” Caes. B. G. 5, 8: “pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,” Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.
