Margiāna
(
Μαργιανή). A province of the ancient Persian Empire,
bounded on the east by Bactriana, on the northeast and north by the river Oxus, and on the
west by Hyrcania. It received its name from the river Margus, which flows through it. On
this river stood the capital of the district, Antiochia Margiana, which was founded by
Alexander the Great and rebuilt by Antiochus I. Margiana corresponds to the southern part of
Khiva and Bokhara and the northeastern part of Khorassan. Its chief inhabitants were the
Derbices, Dahae, and Mardi.