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[228] and Richmond had failed,1 and now the two antagonists once more confronted each other in long extended lines of battle.

The morning was ushered in by heavy cannonading, both sides seeming glad of the opportunity to thunder their defiance at one another through these noisy and destructive implements of war which had been compelled to remain silent in the recent death-grapple. Our centre section was temporarily detached, and engaged for a time with the enemy's artillery. Despatches were read at the head of the respective organizations, announcing that Gen. Sherman was driving Joe Johnston before him, and that Gen. Butler, having beaten Beauregard, had got between him and Richmond, thus having Petersburg at his mercy. It was with a comfortable feeling, that matters were going well all round, that we received orders about 11 A. M. to advance, as we then supposed, across the Po,2 not knowing at the time that we were already on the south side of it. It turned out, however, that we were being withdrawn across it, in compliance with an order Gen. Hancock had received to send two divisions to aid in an attack to be made by the Sixth and Fifth corps upon fortifications in front of the latter. In conformity with this order, the divisions of Gibbon and Birney were retired,—we, of course, being inseparable from the latter. We marched leisurely along across

1 The cavalry escort of Gen. Meade blocked Warren's way an hour and a half at Todd's Tavern, and two miles beyond he was retarded by waiting three hours for Merritt's cavalry to clear his way. They gave it up about 6 A. M. of the 10th, and got out of his way. But these delays had given Longstreet's column, under Anderson, time to arrive and head him off, which they did at Ajsop's Farm.—Warren: Notes on the Rapidan Campaign.

2 At this crossing we noticed, for the first time, pontoon-boats covered with canvas, instead of being entirely constructed of wood,—a change which made transportation, and the labor of the pontoniers, lighter.

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