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Bion was of opinion that God, in punishing the
children of the wicked for the sins of their fathers, seems
more irregular than a physician that should administer
physic to a son or a grandchild, to cure the distemper of
a father or a grandfather. But this comparison does not
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run cleverly; since the amplification of the similitude
agrees only in some things, but in others is altogether defective. For if one man be cured of a disease by physic,
the same medicine will not cure another; nor was it ever
known that any person troubled with sore eyes or laboring
under a fever was ever restored to perfect health by seeing
another in the same condition anointed or plastered. But
the punishments or executions of malefactors are done
publicly in the face of the world, to the end that, justice
appearing to be the effect of prudence and reason, some
may be restrained by the correction inflicted upon others.
So that Bion never rightly apprehended where the comparison answered to our question. For oftentimes it happens, that a man comes to be haunted with a troublesome
though not incurable disease, and through sloth and in
temperance increases his distemper, and weakens his body
to that degree that he occasions his own death. After
this, it is true, the son does not fall sick; only he has received from his father's seed such a habit of body as makes
him liable to the same disease; which a good physician or
a tender friend or a skilful apothecary or a careful master
observing confines him to a strict and spare diet, restrains
him from all manner of superfluity, keeps him from all
the temptations of delicious fare, wine, and women, and
making use of wholesome and proper physic, together with
convenient exercise, dissipates and extirpates the original
cause of a distemper at the beginning, before it grows to
a head and gets a masterless dominion over the body.
And is it not our usual practice thus to admonish those
that are born of diseased parents, to take timely care of
themselves, and not to neglect the malady, but to expel
the original nourishment of the inbred evil, as being then
easily movable and apt for expulsion? It is very true, cried
they. Therefore, said I, we cannot be said to do an absurd thing, but what is absolutely necessary,—nor that
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which is ridiculous, but what is altogether useful,—while
we prescribe to the children of the epileptic, the hypochondriacal, and those that are subject to the gout, such
exercises, diet, and remedies as are proper, not so much
because they are at that time troubled with the distemper,
as to prevent the malady. For a man begotten by an unsound body does not therefore deserve punishment, but
rather the preservation of proper physic and good regimen; which if any one call the punishment of fear or
effeminacy, because the person is debarred his pleasures
and put to some sort of pain by cupping and blistering,
we mind not what he says. If then it be of such importance to preserve, by physic and other proper means, the
vitiated offspring of another body, foul and corrupted;
ought we to suffer the hereditary resemblances of a wicked nature to sprout up and bud in the youthful character,
and to wait till they are diffused into all the affections of
the mind, and bring forth and ripen the malignant fruit
of a mischievous disposition? For such is the expression
of Pindar.
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