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14. Although Africa had not been openly assigned as a province, while the senators kept the matter dark, I believe, for fear the Carthaginians might know in advance, nevertheless the people were aroused to hope that the war would be waged that year in Africa, and that the end of the Punic war was at hand. [2] That situation had filled men's [p. 259]minds with superstitious fears and they were1 indined both to report and to believe portents. [3] All the greater was the number of them in circulation: that two suns had been seen, and that at night there had been light for a time;2 and that at Setia a meteor3 had been seen shooting from east to west; that at Tarracina a city-gate had been struck by lightning, at Anagnia a gate and also the wall at many points; that in the temple of Juno Sospita at Lanuvium a noise was heard with a dreadful crash. [4] To expiate these there was a single day of prayer, and on account of the shower of stones nine days of rites4 were observed. [5] In addition they deliberated on the reception of the Idaean Mother,5 in regard to whom not only had Marcus Valerius, one of the ambassadors, arriving in advance, reported that she would be in Italy very soon, but also there was recent news that she was already at Tarracina. [6] It was no unimportant decision that occupied the senate — the question who was the best man in the state. [7] At any rate every man would have preferred a real victory in that contest to any high commands or magistracies, whether conferred by vote of the senators or of the people. [8] Publius Scipio, son of the Gnaeus who had fallen in Spain, was the young man not yet of an age to be quaestor,6 whom they judged to be the best of good men among all the [9] citizens. If writers who lived nearest in time to men who [p. 261]remembered those days had handed down by what7 virtues the senate was led to make that judgment, I should indeed gladly hand it on to posterity. But I shall not interject my own opinions, reached by conjecture in a matter buried by the lapse of [10] time. Publius Cornelius was ordered to go to Ostia with all the matrons to meet the goddess, and himself to receive her from the ship, and carrying her to land to turn her over to the matrons to [11] carry. After the ship had reached the mouth of the river Tiber, in compliance with the order he sailed out into open water on a ship, received the goddess from her priests8 and carried her to [12] land. The foremost matrons in the state, among whom the name of one in particular, that of Claudia Quinta,9 is conspicuous, received her. Claudia's repute, previously not unquestioned, as tradition reports it, has made her purity the more celebrated among posterity by a service so [13] devout. The matrons passed the goddess from hand to hand in an unbroken succession to each other, while the entire city poured out to meet her. Censers had been placed before the doors along the route of the bearers, and kindling their incense, people prayed that gracious and benignant she might enter the city of Rome. It was to the Temple of Victory, which is on the Palatine, that they carried the goddess on the day before the Ides of April, and that was a holy [14] day. The people thronged to the [p. 263]Palatine bearing gifts for the goddess, and there10 was a banquet of the gods, and games also, called the Megalesia.11

1 B.C. 204

2 Again an aurora probably, as rare in Italy; cf. XXVIII. xi. 3, Fregellae; XXXII. xxix. 2, Frusino, 197 B.C. An earlier instance, 223 B.C. at Ariminum, Zonaras VIII. xx. 4; more in Iulius Obsequens, e.g. 44 and 70 (102 and 42 B.C.), from lost books of Livy. Cf. Cicero de Div. I. 97 (Pease).

3 Meteors were often reported among the prodigies; XXX. ii. 11; XLI. xxi. 13; XLIII. xiii. 3; XLV. xvi. 5; Cicero de Div. (Pease) I. 18 and 97; II. 60; N.D. II. 14.

4 Cf. Vol. VII. p. 90, note.

5 Cf. p. 244, n. 1; George F. Moore, Hist. of Religions I. 556 f.

6 There was still no law fixing a minimum age —not until 24 years later. Cf. Vol. VI. p. 344, n. 3. In 191 B.C. this Scipio Nasica reached the consulship; XXXV. xxiv. 5; XXXVI. i. 1.

7 B.C. 204

8 A Phrygian man and woman, Dion. Hal. II. xix. 4 f. Romans were excluded by a decree of the senate, but the restriction was later removed (2nd century A.D.). Cf. XXXVII. ix. 9; XXXVIII. xviii. 9.

9 Her statue was later placed in the temple of the Magna Mater dedicated in 191 B.C., the consulship of Nasica. Cf. XXXVI. xxxvi. 3 f.; Tacitus Ann. IV. 64; Val. Max. I. viii. 11. Between 204 B.C. and 191 the black stone remained in the Temple of Victory, § 14

10 B.C. 204

11 Later the festival was shifted to pridie nonas, the 4th of April in place of the 12th. Its name came from her Megalesion at Pergamum, the temple from which she was brought to Rome according to Varro L.L. VI. 15.

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load focus Summary (Latin, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus Summary (Latin, W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Summary (English, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus English (Rev. Canon Roberts, 1912)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Robert Seymour Conway, Stephen Keymer Johnson, 1935)
load focus English (Cyrus Evans, 1850)
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  • Commentary references to this page (20):
    • E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus, 63
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, textual notes, 31.12
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.12
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.49
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.40
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.41
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.42
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.54
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.36
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.37
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.40
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.25
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.9
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 38.18
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.22
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.8
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 40.37
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 43.13
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.18
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.29
  • Cross-references to this page (28):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Lanuvium
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Lectisternium
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Ludi
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Mater Deum
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Matrona
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Megalesia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Novemdiale
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Ostia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Prodigia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Setia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Supplicatio
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Tiberinus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Aedes Aesculapii Carthagine
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Victoria
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Claudia Quinta
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, P. Cornelius Cn. F. Scipio
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Idaea
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Iuno
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), EXE´RCITUS
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), MEGALE´SIA
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), TURI´BULUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), LANU´VIUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ROMA
    • Smith's Bio, Clau'dia
    • Smith's Bio, Rhea
    • Smith's Bio, Sci'pio
    • Smith's Bio, So'spita
    • Smith's Bio, Victo'ria
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (17):
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