Catalogue A
The Dated Reliefs
1.
The collection of tribute
IG I3 68 Athens, EM 6595 426/25 Plate 1
Thirteen fragments, ten found on Akropolis and South
Slope. Twelve fragments now
EM 6595 and set in relative
positions in plaster reconstruction (photo,
AJP 88 [1967]
pl. 2): I (a + b, c), II (d, e + f + m), III (g + i + j + l, h).
Position of fragment K (
EM 2494) uncertain. Both edges
preserved. Fragment I b preserves part of left edge of relief
and inscription, otherwise broken all around. Relief separated from inscription by taenia and cyma reversa. Moulding and inscription extend 0.115 beyond edge of relief. Surface battered, corroded. White, medium-grained marble. Restored minimum dimensions of stele without relief:
h. 1.40, w. 0.592, th. 0.163. Relief: p.h. 0.13, p.w. 0.195, th.
0.115, relief h. very low, h. of letters 0.009.
The stele records two decrees containing a number of
provisions for the collection and enforcement of the
tribute, with emphasis upon the personal responsibility of the local tribute collectors. It is assumed that these decrees are the result of provisions made in the second Methone decree (no. 2, lines 51-56), which is dated to the first prytany of 426/25. The stele was to have been set up on the Akropolis while Kekropis was in prytany (lines 24-25); Kekropis held the second prytany in 426/25 (
IG I3 369, line 6).
All that remains of the relief is a small fragment of
the lower left corner depicting containers, which must
represent the collected tribute. Standing at the left is
a hydria and above and behind it perhaps another.
Pots were convenient storage containers for coins;
the accounts of the treasury at Delos list stamnoi
containing money (F. Durrbach,
Inscriptions de Délos,
comptes des Hiéropes [1929] no. 399 and 63), and
Raubitschek (
TAPA 72 [1941] 356-62) has argued that
the tribute collected at the time of the City Dionysia
was displayed, one talent per hydria, in the theatre
(see also
Isok. 8.82). Next to the pots are a number of
bulging sacks tied at the top, which resemble those
on the nearly contemporary frieze of the Ilissos Temple (
NM 1780: C. Picon,
AJA 82 [1978] 51, fig. 1) and
must also represent tribute. There may originally have
been at least one figure, perhaps Athena, in the missing part of the relief.
K. S. Pittakys,
L'ancienne Athènes (1835) 315-16;
ArchEph
(1838) 134 no. 85, fig. 85 (drwg.);
ArchEph (1939) 180 no.
163; Rangabé I, 347 nos. 263, 264; 351-52 no. 269; 361 no.
283; Pittakys,
ArchEph (1855) 1319 no. 2652;
ArchEph (1856)
1432 no. 2911;
ArchEph (1860) 1961 no. 3809, 1964 no.
3817;
IG I 38;
IG I Suppl. I, 25 no. 116m; H. Lolling,
ArchDelt (1889) 52 no. 4;
IG I Suppl. III, 141 no. 39a; W.
Bannier,
AM 27 (1902) 301-2; A. Wilhelm,
AnzWien (1909)
53-56, pl. opp. 54; O. Walter,
ÖJhBeibl 14 (1911) 59; IG
I2 65; Binneboeßel, 3 no. 4, 27-28; A. Hess,
Klio 28 (1935) 27, pl. I; B. D. Meritt,
Documents on Athenian Tribute
(1937) 3-42, figs. 1-7;
ATL I, 123-26, 166-67 D8, 213, figs.
178-84; A. E. Raubitschek,
AJP 61 (1940) 475-77;
TAPA
72 (1941) 356-62; P. Jacobsthal,
AJA 47 (1943) 308;
ATL
II, 52-58;
SEG 10.72;
ATL III, 133;
SEG 13.10; N. Platon,
ArchDelt 19 B.I (1964) 22, pl. II; B. Meritt,
AJP 88 (1967)
29-32, pls. I, 2
SEG 23.18; Meiggs and Lewis, 184-88 no.
68;
SEG 25.29; Meyer, 265 A 3.
2.
Athens and Methone
IG I3 61 Athens, EM 6596 424/23 Plate 1
Found in Theatre of Dionysos. Upper part of relief and
bottom of inscription broken, edges badly chipped. Surface
very worn, corroded, with several vertical cracks. Grey-white, medium-grained marble. p.h. of stele 1.00, p.w. of
stele 0.53 (top), 0.55 (bottom), th. 0.11, p.h. of relief 0.21,
relief h. 0.015, h. of letters 0.015 (lines 1-2), 0.01 (lines
3 ff.).
The stele recorded at least four decrees concerning
Methone, an Eretrian colony on the Thermaic gulf,
probably a tributary ally of the Athenian empire by
this time, and favoured by Athens for its strategic
position in an area of Macedonian influence. Only
the first two decrees, setting forth financial and trading privileges and warning Perdikkas of Macedon of Athenian support for Methone, are well-preserved.
The decrees were not passed in the same year, and the
date of the first (between 430 and 426) in particular
is problematic, but the stele itself was carved in the
eighth prytany of 424/23, when Phainippos was secretary of Akamantis (Thuc. 4.118.11). He is named at the top of the inscription (line 2), in addition to the
secretaries of the first three decrees, and so must have
been the secretary of the last decree, which is lost
(
ATL III, 133).
The relief depicts Athena seated on a rock at the
far right, facing another figure in the centre of the
relief. She extends her right hand toward the somewhat smaller figure and rests her left elbow on part of
the rock (or once-painted shield?) behind her. She
wears a sleeved chiton, a mantle wrapped around her
lower body, and an aegis, its small gorgoneion barely
visible. Her head is almost entirely broken away. The
seated Athena is a popular type in late fifth- and early
fourth-century document reliefs (see nos. 11, 71, 72,
87, 90, 91). The other figure, whose upper half is
almost completely destroyed, wears a short, belted
chiton and extends her right hand toward Athena;
she is accompanied on the left by a dog, and there are
further unidentifiable traces of relief on the far left.
The dress of the figure, the dog, and the probability
of the figure's dexiosis with Athena make Artemis, a
major Eretrian deity, a likely symbol of her colony;
cf.
NM 1783 B, a late fifth-century votive relief dedicated to Hermes and the Nymphs with a similar figure of Artemis wearing a short chiton (Svoronos, pl. 28; Mitropoulou,
Corpus I, fig. 186). The disparity in the
scale of the two figures, which has sometimes been
cited as an objection to this identification, is no more
than the conventional difference in size between standing and seated figures grouped together. The relief is very worn, but Athena's position and the prominent modelling lines across her legs bring to mind the
drapery of the seated Athena of the east frieze of the
Hephaisteion (
Hesperia 31 [1962], pl. 77b, fig. 6;
Ridgway, fig. 50).
Pittakys,
ArchEph (1838) 96-98 no. 45, fig. 45 (drwg.) opp.
p. 114; Rangabé I, 313-28 no. 250, pl. 7 (drwg.); Müller
and Schöll, 53-58 no. 31, 76, 82; Schöne, 24-25 no. 50, pl.
8 (drwg.); A. Dumont,
Monuments Grecs 1 (1873) 37-38;
IG I 40; Dumont,
BCH 2 (1878) 563, 566; P. Gardner,
JHS
9 (1888) 54-55; Le Bas, pl. 34 (drwg.); Farnell I, 351; Kern,
xi no. 15, pl. 15; Matz, 55;
SIG3 75; Walter,
Beschreibung, 20;
IG 12 57, Add. p. 302; Kjellberg, 139; W. R. Halliday,
The Greek Questions of Plutarch (1928) 64-65; Diepolder,
18; Binneboeßel, 3 no. 3, 20, 25-29, 36, 52; H. Speier,
RM
47 (1932) 90; Svoronos, 664 no. 428, pl. 205.1; Walter,
ÖJh
30 (1937) 53-54;
ATL I, 120, 162-63, 209, 212 D3-6; Picard
II.2, 838; Tod I, 129-32 no. 61; ATL II, 48-49, pl. 1; ATL
III, 133-37;
SEG 10.66; Lippold, 198 n. 6;
SEG 21.40;
Meiggs and Lewis, 176-80 no. 65;
SEG 25.27; Mitropoulou,
Corpus I, 172 no. 5, fig. 77;
SEG 26.17;
SEG 31.2;
SEG
32.8; Meyer, 265 A , pl. 4.1;
SEG 38.3.
3.
Rheitos bridge decree
IG I3 79 Eleusis, Archaeological Museum E 958 422/21 Plate 2
Found in fortification wall near Greater Propylaia in Eleusis
in 1887. Back and top rough-picked, sides smooth, bottom
broken. Badly chipped taenia and cyma reversa above. Relief
bordered below by taenia with first line of inscription and
cyma reversa, together 0.09 wide. Surface uniformly weathered, with corrosion and red-brown iron stains. White,
medium-grained marble. p.h. of stele 0.90, w. 0.53 (relief
and inscription), 0.57 (top moulding), th. 0.10 (relief), 0.12
(inscription), relief h. 0.02, h. of letters 0.018.
The decree, dated to the first prytany of 422/21 by its
secretary Prepis (lines 1-4), provides for the construction of a stone footbridge over one of the Rheitoi, the
pair of lakes that stood at the border between Athens
and Eleusis, to be constructed from blocks taken from
the demolished Archaic Telesterion at Eleusis. The
bridge formed part of the Sacred Way taken by Athenians going to Eleusis for initiation into the Eleusinian Mysteries.
The relief depicts Demeter, Kore, a young male
probably to be identified as Triptolemos, and Athena,
all standing on a ground line slightly raised above the
moulding. Athena stands on the right. She wears a
belted peplos, shoulder mantle, aegis with gorgoneion,
and an Attic helmet. Her left arm is raised high to
hold her spear, which was originally shown in paint.
She looks toward the smaller male figure, who wears
a himation. His left hand is raised with the fingers
turned inward as though holding a slender object.
His right hand crosses Athena's right hand but probably does not grasp it; the angle of their arms seems too low, the gesture too inconsequential for dexiosis. In age and gesture the youth resembles the male figure
in the Great Eleusinian Relief (
NM 126: L. Schneider,
AntP 12 (1973) 103-22, pls. 31-41) and like him is
often identified as Triptolemos holding once-painted
stalks of grain. Triptolemos often appears with
Demeter and Kore in votive reliefs of this period and
is therefore a likely representative of their cult. Although he is almost always shown in his chariot (cf. no. 161), the stalks of grain would have been sufficient to identify him.
Further left stand Demeter and Kore, to whom the
Rheitoi were said to be sacred (
Paus. 1.38.1; Hesych.
s.v.
Rheitoi). Kore carries one torch cradled in her
left arm and a second torch held upside down in her
extended right hand. She wears a peplos and a
himation. Demeter wears a belted peplos with
unbelted overfall and a shoulder mantle, one end of
which she holds up in her left hand. Figures very
similar to these appear in contemporary votive reliefs
(cf. the figures identified by inscription on a relief in
the Catania Mus. Communale: Neumann,
Weihreliefs
pl. 32a) and may have been inspired by the figures of
Demeter and Kore on the east frieze of the Nike
Temple (Blümel, pl. 7, figs. 20, 21); cf. also no. 165.
The style of the document relief is also closely comparable to that of the frieze; figures in both relief and frieze have the same clear distinction between the weight leg obscured by heavy folds and the free leg
revealed by clinging cloth.
D. Philios,
AM 19 (1894) 163-73, pl. 7; M. Ruhland,
Eleusinischen Göttinnen (1901) 19-27, 40, pl. 2.1 (det.);
Farnell III, 237, pl. 14; Matz, 56;
SIG3 86;
IG I2 81 and Add. p. 302; Kjellberg, 87, 89, 93, 120, 132-33, 137, 140,
144, pl. 12 no. 39; A. Hekler,
JdI 42 (1927) 70-73, Beil. 2
to p. 71; Diepolder, 21; Binneboeßel, 4 no. 5, 20, 23, 28-31,
33-34, 37-38, 50; F. Poulsen,
ActaA 3 (1932) 242-46, fig.
10; H. Speier,
RM 47 (1932) 24-25, 90, pls. 8.1, 8.2 (dets.),
9.1; V. Müller,
AJA 39 (1935) 250; K. Kourouniotes,
Eleusis,
Guide to the Excavations and Museum (1936) 85-86, frontispiece; Curtius,
Antike Kunst, 237, 265, 315, 324, 428, fig.
410; Süsserott, 19 n. 27, 27 n. 5, 29, 32 n. 20, 33-34, 37 n.
33, 38 n. 39, 39, 45 n. 63, 54, 94-95, 130, 197 n. 4, 216;
Picard II.2, 838;
SEG 10.94; Lippold, 198 n. 6, pl. 73.3;
Dohrn, 17, 21, 24, 26-29, 41; Hausmann, 41-42, pl. 20; G.
Mylonas,
Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries (1961) 84 n.
17, 193-94, fig. 69; F. Eckstein,
AntP 4 (1965) 31, figs. 3-6 (casts); E. Berger,
AntK 10 (1967) 85, pl. 24.2 (det.); B. D.
Meritt and M. F. McGregor,
Phoenix 21 (1967) 85-91;
Schefold,
Classical Greece, 111, 151, 158-59, 248 no. 30,
app. pl. 30; Guarducci, 592-93, fig. 185; G. M. A. Richter,
Sculptors and Sculpture of the Greeks4 (1970) 69, 255;
Schmaltz, 22 n. 26, 23, 43; Hiller, 21-23, 27, 49, 54, 56, 62,
fig. 23 (det.); Rauscher, 149-50; A. Peschlow-Bindokat,
JdI
87 (1972) 112-13, 130-34, 150, fig. 34; Mitropoulou,
Corpus I, 172-73 no. 9, fig. 83; K. Kanta,
Eleusis: Myth, Mysteries, History, Museum (1979) 47 no. 5093, fig. 10; Neumann,
Weihreliefs, 57; T. L. Shear, Jr.,
Studies in Athenian Architecture, Sculpture and Topography presented to
Homer A. Thompson, Hesperia, Suppl. 20 (1982) 130-31,
pl. 18b;
LIMC II, 1013 no. 606, pl. 763, s.v. Athena
(P. Demargne); J. Boardman,
Greek Sculpture: the Classical
Period (1985) 186-87, fig. 178; L.J. Roccos,
AJA 90 (1986)
208;
LIMC III, 378-79 no. 42, s.v. Demos (O. Alexandri-Tzachou);
LIMC IV, 881 no. 446, s.v. Demeter (L. Beschi); Meyer, 266 A 5;
SEG 36.13 and 137.
4.
The sanctuary of Kodros, Neleus, and Basile
IG I3 84 Athens, EM 10616 418/17 Plate 2
Complete stele found in winter of 1884-85 in house construction some distance south-east of Akropolis on left bank
of railway to Phaleron. All edges, tenon at bottom preserved. Mouldings above and below relief, most of sculpted surface rough-picked. White, medium-grained marble. h. 1.49, h. of relief 0.41, w. of relief 0.59 (top), 0.605 (bottom), w. of inscription 0.59 (top), 0.64 (bottom), th. 0.195 (top),
0.16 (bottom), h. of letters 0.01.
The decree, passed in the ninth prytany of the archonship of Antiphon (lines 2-3), concerns provisions for
enclosing and leasing various parts of the sanctuary
of Kodros, Neleus, and Basile in Athens. The stele
was to have been set up at public expense in the
Neleion, by the ikria (lines 27-28). (For other probable references to this shrine, see Pl.
Charmides 1 53a
and Agora I 4138: B.D. Meritt,
Hesperia 7 (1938) 123-26 no. 25.)
Although the entire stele is preserved, the relief has
been systematically rough-picked, probably for reuse
of the stone. Only two small areas of very low relief
survive undamaged, but the general outline of the
original composition is still to some extent visible. At
the left a seated figure faces right, its left arm raised
high as though holding a spear or sceptre. Both that
hand and what appears to have been the crest of the
figure's helmet overlapped the moulding above the
relief. The figure is usually described as bearded, but
this may be only the impression created by damage
to the area around the head. At the right, facing the
figure on the left, is a figure on a rearing horse whose
head and forelegs are clearly visible in outline. The
end of the horse's tail and part of the rider's chlamys
are still preserved in very low relief at the far right.
The chlamys flies out behind the rider in several folds
ending in omega-shaped loops at the hem, a motif
that occurs in some figures of the Nike Temple frieze
(Blümel, pls. V, VI) and on the gently fluttering veil of
Hera on no. 5.
Because so little is known about the cult and the
relationship between Kodros, Neleus, and Basile, and
because both figures are so badly damaged, any reconstruction of the relief must be conjectural. It has
sometimes been assumed that the sanctuary was
chiefly associated with Neleus because the inscription refers variously to the ‘the Neleion’ (lines 27-28), ‘payments to Neleus’ (lines 21-22), and the ‘temenos of Neleus and Basile’ (lines 12, 29, 32), but it is clear from the text as a whole that these are
references only to various parts of the sanctuary and
the provisions for them; Kodros is always mentioned
first in references to the sanctuary as a whole (lines 4,
14, 30-31).
Neleus is a shadowy figure and difficult to characterize. Most representations of him come from Italy,
where he often appears with his mother Tyro and his
twin Pelias in the recognition scene from Sophokles'
Tyro (L. Séchan,
Études sur la tragédie grecque dans ses rapports avec la céramique [1926] 224 n. 9), but he
is not depicted as a rider, and these scenes can have
nothing to do with the relief in question. It is unclear
whether in Athens he was equated with the Pylian
Neleus, father of Nestor and ancestor of Kodros, or
with the Neleus who was a son of Kodros and founder
of Ionian cities (Hdt. 10.97). H. A. Shapiro (
Ancient
Greek Art and Iconography) has suggested the possible political significance of the Neleids to their
descendants the Peisistratids in the Archaic period,
but the only Attic representation of Neleus is a late
fifth-century vase fragment of the recognition scene
(
Hesperia 24 [1955] 78-79 and pl. 34a).
Basile, sometimes confused with Basileia, is also
obscure; the only fifth-century representation of her
is a labelled figure on a late fifth-century rf pyxis that
has not yet been fully published (O. Alexandri,
ArchDelt 31 B.1 [1976] 30, pl. 35a). She is certainly
also the female figure in the relief of a deme decree of
Eitea of 332/31 (no. 43), which was to have been set
up in a sanctuary of Basile, and she is listed in the
sacrificial calendar of Erkhia of ca. 375-50 (G. Daux,
BCH 87 [1963] 621). There is nothing in these sources
to associate her with either of the figures in the document relief. (The inscription of the so-called Echelos-Basile relief [
NM 1783] clearly reads ‘Iasile’: O. Walter,
ArchEph [1937] A 113; B. D. Meritt,
Hesperia 11
[1942] 284-85. For the distinction between Basile and
Basileia, see Shapiro,
ZPE.)
Kodros, in contrast, seems to have been a more
popular figure in fifth-century Athens. He appears
with the Eponymous and Marathonian heroes in
Phidias' Marathon monument at Delphi, probably
dating from the 450s (
Paus. 10.10.1; Kron,
Phylenheroen, 215-17; E. B. Harrison, ‘Eponymous
Heroes’, 81-83), and as a fully armed warrior on the
name vase of the Codrus Painter of ca. 430 (
Bologna,
Mus. Civ. PU 273:
ARV2 1268.1; Kron,
Phylenheroen,
pls. 15.1, 16.1 and 2). In the late fifth century it is
possible that the importance of Kodros, the Athenian
king who sacrificed himself to the Peloponnesians in
order to save Athens (Lykourg.
Leokr. 84- 87), had
eclipsed that of Basile and Neleus and that, as the
most politically significant of the three cult personages, he would have been the most likely subject for
a type of relief that had largely political associations.
If the rider in the relief is Kodros, the figure opposite
him is as likely to be Athena as either Basile or Neleus.
She is present in most fifth-century document reliefs,
and the general outline of the figure on the left resembles that of the seated Athenas that were so common in document reliefs of the late fifth and early
fourth centuries (cf. nos. 2, 11, 71, 72, 87, 90, 91).
S. A. Koumanoudes,
ArchEph (1884) 161-66, pl. 10 (drwg.);
A. Frothingham,
AJA 1 (1885) 228, 469; E. Curtius,
SBBerl
(1885) 437 =
Gesammelte Abhandlungen I (1894) 459-64;
J. R. Wheeler,
AJA 3 (1887) 38-49;
IG I Suppl. pp. 66-67
no. 53a, 165;
IG I2 94, Add. p. 302;
SIG3 93; Binneboeßel,
4 no. 8, 20, 23, 32, 43; B. D. Meritt,
AJP 57 (1936) 180-82;
O. Walter,
ArchEph (1937) A 114 n. 1; M. Giffler,
Hermes
75 (1940) 215-22; Meritt,
CQ 40 (1946) 45-46;
SEG 10.103;
Dohrn, 17; R. E. Wycherley,
BSA 55 (1960) 60-66;
SEG
19.18; Sokolowiki,
Lois sacrées des cités grecques (1969) 28-30 no. 14; D. Behrend,
Attische Pachturkunden (1970) 55-61; A. Kaloyeropoulou,
ArchDelt 25 A (1970) 209 n. 14;
Travlos, 332-35, figs. 435, 436;
SEG 25.36; Mitropoulou,
Corpus I, 173 no. 10, fig. 84; H.A. Shapiro, in W. Moon
(ed.),
Ancient Greek Art and Iconography (1983) 87-96;
SEG 33.14;
SEG 35.7 and 110; Shapiro,
ZPE 63 (1986) 134-36;
LIMC III, 674-75, s.v. Echelos (A. Kossatz-Deissmann);
SEG 36.15 and 38; N. D. Robertson,
GRBS 29 (1988) 224-30; Meyer, 267 A 7, pl. 6.1;
SEG 38.5.
5.
Athens and Argos
IG
13 86 Athens, AM 2980
+ 2431 + 2981 + EM 6588a 417/16 Plate 3
Ten fragments, all but g (found in 1937 in Agora section R
19) from Akropolis: a + b (
EM 6588a + d), c + d + g (
EM
6588 + EM 6588e +
Agora I 5026), e (
EM 6588g), f (
EM
6588b), relief (
AM 0980 + 2431 + 2981).
EM 6588a has
small section of relief joining AM fragments. Left edge and
top preserved, back rough-picked. Relief broken at upper
left corner and right side. Upper moulding 0.07 wide, badly
chipped. Relief separated from inscription by taenia bearing first line of inscription and ovolo, together 0.095 wide.
Two modern dowel holes in bottom of relief: one trefoil-shaped, 0.04 diam., 0.14 from left edge; the other round,
0.035 diam., 0.04 from vertical break along second figure
from left. Much of surface flaked, corroded. Relief background has conspicuous tool marks, with surface smoothed
only around contours of figures. White, medium-grained
marble. AM fragments: p.h. 0.62, p.w. 0.70, th. 0.155, relief
h. 0.015, h. of letters 0.015 (line 1), 0.01 (lines 2 ff.).
Argos, with its long history of anti-Spartan sentiment,
was an important ally for Athens at this point in the
Peloponnesian War. The decree is a renewal of an
alliance of 420 between Athens and Argos, resumed
after the brief period of oligarchic control in Argos
that followed the Spartan victory in the Battle of
Mantineia (Thuc. 5.40-47, 82). It is securely dated to
the prytany of Aiantis in the archonship of Euphemos
(lines 2-3), which Meritt has shown to have been the
spring of 417/16 (
Hesperia 14 [1945] 125).
The relief depicts Hera, the pre-eminent deity of
Argos, with her consort Zeus looking on (cf. nos. 24,
96, probably no. 41) as she clasps the right hand of
another figure, undoubtedly Athena, on the right.
Hera stands in the centre of the relief and faces right.
Her fluttering veil is caught up daintily with the thumb
and forefinger of her left hand in the gesture of unveiling characteristic of Hera as bride of Zeus. The
animated drapery with the omega-shaped fold at the
end occurs on the contemporary decree concerning
the sanctuary of Kodros, Neleus, and Basile (no. 4)
and on the Nike Temple frieze (Blümel, pls. V, VI).
All that remains of Athena are the outline of her extended hand and the damaged profile of her face. Zeus
is seated at the far left; the eagle at his side and the
front leg of his throne are preserved on the small
fragment of relief on EM 6588. He leans back in his
seat, draping his right arm over the back of it, and
raises his left arm high in front of him to hold his
sceptre, which was shown in paint. Walbank has suggested that this inscription and the honorary decree for Proxenides of Knidos (no. 68) were carved by the
same mason, but the reliefs do not appear to be by
the same hand.
K. S. Pittakys,
ArchEph (1840) 305 no. 364, fig. 364 (drwg.);
Rangabé I, 334-36 no. 256, 352 no. 270, 360 no. 280;
Pittakys,
ArchEph (1853) 1038 no. 1951;
ArchEph (1854)
1124-25 no. 2160;
IG I 50; Sybel, 442 no. 7137; A. Wilhelm,