[
172]
replace by
Major-General W. S. Rosecrans, and the Fourteenth Corps was reorganized into the Right Wing, Center, and Left Wing, later the Fourteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Army corps.
The last two were afterward consolidated as the Fourth Corps.
With this army,
Rosecrans fought the
battle of Stone's River, drove
Bragg across the
Tennessee, and was defeated at
Chickamauga.
Major-General George H. Thomas succeeded to the command October 20, 1863.
The army distinguished itself on
Missionary Ridge and through the
Atlanta campaign (as a part of the Military Division of the Mississippi), and in the campaign against
Hood in
Tennessee.
The army had four divisions of cavalry.
It had a reserve corps for a short time, and received two corps from the Army of the Potomac, which were finally consolidated into the reorganized Twentieth Corps.
(U. S. M. A. 1841) was born March 23, 1818, near
Marietta, Ohio, and served in the
Mexican War. When the
Civil War broke out he assisted in the organization of volunteers, and in November, 1861, took charge of the Department and Army of the Ohio.
He was soon raised to the rank of major-general of volunteers.
His last service in this army was the driving of
Bragg out of
Kentucky, for this, with the preceding
Tennessee campaign during the summer of 1862, aroused such criticism that he was replaced, October 30th, by
Major-General Rosecrans and tried before a military commission.
An adverse report was handed in, and
Buell resigned from the Army June 1, 1864.
He then became president of the Green River Iron Company, and, 1885-89, was pension-agent at
Louisville.
He died near
Rockport, Kentucky, November 19, 1898.
(U. S.M. A. 1842) was born at
Kingston, Ohio, September 6, 1818.
He served in the Engineer Corps and as assistant professor at
West Point.
In 1854, he resigned from the army to practise architecture and civil engineering, but at the outbreak of the
Civil War he tendered his services to the
Government and was made brigadier-general of the regular army, and major-general of volunteers in March, 1862.
He succeeded
McClellan at the head of the army of occupation in
western Virginia after his victory at
Rich Mountain, and held it until
Major-General Fremont took charge of the Mountain Department, March 29, 1862.
From June 26th until the end of October,
Rosecrans was
Pope's successor in the Army of the Mississippi and, taking command of the District of Corinth, he defeated the Confederate forces at
Iuka and
Corinth.
He now replaced
Buell in the Army of the Cumberland.
As general commanding he won the
battle of Stone's River, but was defeated at
Chickamauga, and was succeeded by
Major-General George H. Thomas.
He then spent a year in command of the Department of Missouri, during which he drove
Price out of the
State, and on December 9, 1864, was relieved of active command.
After resigning his commission, in 1866, he was
United States minister to
Mexico, and was in Congress from 1881 to 1885.
In 1889, Congress restored him to the rank and pay of brigadier-general.
He died at
Redondo, California, March 11, 1898.
(U. S. M.A. 1840) was born in
Southampton County, Virginia, July 31, 1816.
He served in the
Seminole and
Mexican wars, and had risen to the grade of lieutenant-colonel when the
Civil War broke out. In August, 1861, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers.
His first services in the war were rendered in the Departments of
Pennsylvania and of the
Shenandoah.
His division of the Army of the Ohio defeated the Confederate forces at
Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862.
This victory first brought him into notice, and shortly afterward he was made major-general of volunteers.
He was put at the head of the Center (Fourteenth Corps) of the reorganized Army of the Cumberland, and in October, 1863, he assumed the chief command, distinguishing himself at
Missionary Ridge, in the
Atlanta campaign, and in the crushing defeat of
Bragg at
Nashville.
He was promoted to major-general in the regular army for his services at
Nashville, December 15, 1864.
He narrowly escaped this honor, for, impatient at his delay in attacking
Hood—a delay occasioned by the very inclement weather—Grant had sent
Major-General Logan to relieve him, and the latter was on the way. He had also shown himself a gallant fighter in the earlier battles of
Stone's River, and
Chickamauga, where he held the left wing of the army against tremendous odds.
This feat is considered one of the most glorious of the whole war. With the right wing of the army routed and in utter confusion,
Thomas kept his position against the whole of
Bragg's army until ordered to withdraw.
He declined the brevet of lieutenant-general, which
President Johnson offered him in 1868. Two years later he died in
San Francisco, March 28, 1870.