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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 22 22 Browse Search
Polybius, Histories 5 5 Browse Search
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 3 3 Browse Search
Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 21-22 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.) 1 1 Browse Search
Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 21-22 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.) 1 1 Browse Search
Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 26-27 (ed. Frank Gardner Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University) 1 1 Browse Search
Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 31-34 (ed. Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. Professor of Latin and Head of the Department of Classics in the University of Pittsburgh) 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). You can also browse the collection for 221 BC or search for 221 BC in all documents.

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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Agela'us (search)
Agela'us （*)Age/laos), of Naupactus, was a leading man in the Aetolian state at the time of the Achaean league. He is first mentioned in B. C. 221, when he negociated the alliance between the Illyrian chief Scerdilaidas and the Aetolians. It was through his persuasive speech that Philip of Macedonia and his allies were induced to make peace with the Aetolians (B. C. 218), and he was elected general of the latter in the following year, though his conduct in recommending peace was soon afterwards blamed by his fickle countrymen. (Plb. 4.16, 5.103-107
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
this writer. (Quint. Inst. 10.2.7.) He was a Greek and probably a native of Tarentum, and was made prisoner by the Romans during their wars in southern Italy. He then became the slave of M. Livius Salinator, perhaps the same who was consul in B. C. 219, and again in B. C. 207. Andronicus instructed the children of his master, but was afterwards restored to freedom, and received from his patron the Roman name Livius. (Hieron. in Euseb. Chron. ad Ol. 148.) Andronicus is said to have died in B. C. 221, and cannot have lived beyond B. C. 214. (Osann, Anal. Crit. p. 28.) Dramatic works During his stay at Rome, Andronicus made himself a perfect master of the Latin language, and appears to have exerted himself chiefly in creating a taste for regular dramatic representations. His first drama was acted in B. C. 240, in the consulship of C. Claudius and M. Tuditanus (Cic. Brut. 18, comp. Tusc. Quaest. 1.1, de Senect. 14; Liv. 7.2; Gellius, 17.21); but whether it was a tragedy or a comedy is
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Apollonius RHODIUS (search)
IUS 23. RHODIUS, was, according to Suidas and his Greek anonymous biographers, the son of Silleus or Illeus and Rhode, and born at Alexandria (comp. Strab. xiv. p.655) in the phyle Ptolemais, whereas Athenaeus (vii. p. 283) and Aelian (Ael. NA 15.23) describe him as a native or, at least, as a citizen of Naucratis. He appears to have been born in the first half of the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, that is, about B. C. 235, and his most active period falls in the reign of Ptolemy Philopator (B. C. 221-204) and of Ptolemy Epiphanes. (B. C. 204-181.) In his youth he was instructed by Callimachus, but afterwards we find a bitter enmity existing between them. The cause of this hatred has been explained by various suppositions; the most probable of which seems to be, that Apollonius, in his love of the simplicity of the ancient poets of Greece and in his endeavour to imitate them, offended Callimachus, or perhaps even expressed contempt for his poetry. The love of Apollonius for the ancient
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ara'tus (search)
great design of Aratus' life could be accomplished,--to unite all the Greek governments into one Greek nation? Henceforward the caprice of the Macedonian monarch was to regulate the relations of the powers of Greece. The career of Antigonus, in which Aratus seems henceforward to have been no further engaged than as his adviser and guide, ended in the great battle of Sellasia (B. C. 222), in which the Spartan power was for ever put down. Philip succeeded Antigonus in the throne of Macedon (B. C. 221), and it was his policy during the next two years (from 221 to 219 B. C.) to make the Achaeans feel how dependent they were on him. This period is accordingly taken up with incursions of the Aetolians, the unsuccessful opposition of Aratus, and the trial which followed. The Aetolians seized Clarium, a fortress near Megalopolis (Plb. 4.6.), and thence made their plundering excursions, till Timoxenus, general of the league, took the place and drove out the garrison. As the time for the expir
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariston (search)
Ariston 2. A strategus of the Aetolians in B. C. 221, who, labouring under some bodily defect, left the command of the troops to Scopas and Dorimachus, while he himself remained at home. Notwithstanding the declarations of the Achaeans to regard every one as an enemy who should trespass upon the territories of Messenia or Achaia, the Aetolian commanders invaded Peloponnesus, and Ariston was stupid enough, in the face of this fact, to assert that the Aetolians and Achaeans were at peace with each other. (Plb. 4.5, 9, 17.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Attalus (search)
Liv. 38.16; Plb. 18.24), and dedicated a sculptured representation of his victory in the Acropolis at Athens. (Paus. 1.25.2.) He took advantage of the disputes in the family of the Seleucidae, and in B. C. 229 conquered Antiochus Hierax in several battles. (Porphyr. apud Euseb. Graec. p. 186; Euseb. Chron. Arm. p. 347.) Before the accession of Seleucus Ceraunus (B. C. 226), he had made himself master of the whole of Asia Minor west of mount Taurus. Seleucus immediately attacked him, and by B. C. 221 Achaeus [ACHAEUS] had reduced his dominions to the limits of Pergamus itself. (Plb. 4.48.) On the breaking out of the war between the Rhodians and Byzantines (B. C. 220), Attalus took part with the latter, who had done their utmost to bring about a peace between him and Achaeus (Plb. 4.49), but he was unable to render them any effective assistance. In B. C. 218, with the aid of a body of Gaulish mercenaries, he recovered several cities in Aeolis and the neighbouring districts, but was st
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Liv. 38.16; Plb. 18.24), and dedicated a sculptured representation of his victory in the Acropolis at Athens. (Paus. 1.25.2.) He took advantage of the disputes in the family of the Seleucidae, and in B. C. 229 conquered Antiochus Hierax in several battles. (Porphyr. apud Euseb. Graec. p. 186; Euseb. Chron. Arm. p. 347.) Before the accession of Seleucus Ceraunus (B. C. 226), he had made himself master of the whole of Asia Minor west of mount Taurus. Seleucus immediately attacked him, and by B. C. 221 Achaeus [ACHAEUS] had reduced his dominions to the limits of Pergamus itself. (Plb. 4.48.) On the breaking out of the war between the Rhodians and Byzantines (B. C. 220), Attalus took part with the latter, who had done their utmost to bring about a peace between him and Achaeus (Plb. 4.49), but he was unable to render them any effective assistance. In B. C. 218, with the aid of a body of Gaulish mercenaries, he recovered several cities in Aeolis and the neighbouring districts, but was st
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Bereni'ce (search)
See p. 367a.; and Thrige, Res Cyrenensiun, § 60. (Just. 26.3), to prevent the marriage of Berenice with Ptolemy, offered her, together with the kingdom, to De-metrius, brother of Antigonus Gonatas. On his arrival, however, at Cyrene, Arsinoe fell in love with him herself, and Berenice accordingly, whom he had slighted, caused him to be murdered in the very arms of her mother; she then went to Egypt, and became the wife of Ptolemy. When her son, Ptolemy IV. (Philopator), came to the throne, B. C. 221, he put her and his brother Magas to death, at the instigation of his prime minister Sosibius, and against the remonstrances of Cleomenes III. of Sparta. The famous hair of Berenice, which she dedicated for her husband's safe return from his Syrian expedition [see No. 2] in the temple of Arsinoe at Zephyrium (*)Afrodi/th *Zefuri=tis), and which was said by the courtly Conon of Samos to have become a constellation, was celebrated by Callimachus in a poem, which, with the exception of a few
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
us, he fled to his ally, Ptolemy Euergetes, at Alexandria, where his mother and children were already residing as hostages. Any hope he might have had of recovering his kingdom by the help of Ptolemy Euergetes was defeated by the death of that king, whose successor, Ptolemy Philopator, treated Cleomenes with the greatest neglect, and his minister, Sosibius, imprisoned him on a charge of conspiracy against the king's life. Cleomenes, with his attendants, escaped from prison, and attempted to raise an insurrection against Ptolemy, but finding no one join him, he put himself to death. (B. C. 221-220.) His reign lasted 16 years. He is rightly reckoned by Pausanias (3.6.5) as the last of the Agidae, for his nominal successor, Agesipolis III., was a mere puppet. He was the last truly great man of Sparta, and, excepting perhaps Philopoemen, of all Greece. (Plutarch, Cleom., Arat.; Polyb. ii. v., &c.; Droysen, Geschichte der Hellenismus, vol. ii. bk. 2.100.4; Manso, Sparta, vol. iii.) [P.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Dori'machus (search)
Dori'machus （*Dori/maxos), less properly DORY'MACHUS (*Dorn/maxos), a native of Trichonium, in Aetolia, and son of Nicostratus, was sent out, in B. C. 221, to Phigalea, on the Messenian border, with which the Aetolians had a league of sympolity, ostensibly to defend the place, but in reality to watch affairs in the Peloponnesus with a view of fomenting a war, for which his restless countrymen were anxious. A number of freebooters flocked together to him, and he connived at their plundering the territory of the Messenians, with whom Aetolia was in alliance. All complaints he received at first with neglect, and afterwards (when he had gone to Messene, on pretence of investigating the matter) with insult. The Messenians, however, and especially Sciron, one of their ephori, behaved with such spirit that Dorimachus was compelled to yield, and to promise satisfaction for the injuries done; but he had been treated with indignity, which he did not forget, and he resolved to bring about a war
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