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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 25 25 Browse Search
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Pausanias, Description of Greece 2 2 Browse Search
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Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 1 1 Browse Search
Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus 1 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). You can also browse the collection for 350 BC or search for 350 BC in all documents.

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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Apollo (search)
m from the latter people. There is no doubt that the Romans knew of his worship among the Greeks at a very early time, and tradition says that they consulted his oracle at Delphi even before the expulsion of the kings. But the first time that we hear of the worship of Apollo at Rome is in the year B. C. 430, when, for the purpose of averting a plague, a temple was raised to him, and soon after dedicated by the consul, C. Julius. (Liv. 4.25, 29.) A second temple was built to him in the year B. C. 350. One of these two (it is not certain which) stood outside the porta Capena. During the second Punic war, in B. C. 212, the ludi Apollinares were instituted in honour of Apollo. (Liv. 25.12; Macr. 1.17; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ludi Apollinares; comp. Ludi Sweculares.) The worship of this divinity, however, did not form a very prominent part in the religion of the Romans till the time of Augustus, who, after the battle of Actium, not only dedicated to him a portion of the spoils, but built or em
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Apollodo'rus (search)
Apollodo'rus （*)Apollo/dworos). 1. Of ACHARNE in Attica, son of Pasion, the celebrated banker, who died B. C. 370, when his son Apollodorus was twenty-four years of age. (Dem. pro Phorm. p. 951.) His mother, who married Phormion, a freedman of Pasion, after her husband's death, lived ten years longer, and after her death in B. C. 360, Phormion became the guardian of her younger son, Pasicles. Several years later (B. C. 350), Apollodorus brought an action against Phormion, for whom Demosthenes wrote a defence, the oration for Phormion, which is still extant. In this year, Apollodorus was archon eponymus at Athens. (Diod. 16.46.) When Apollodorus afterwards attacked the witnesses who had supported Phormion, Demosthenes wrote for Apollodorius the two orations still extant kata\ *Stefa/nou. (Aeschin. de Fals. Leg. p. 50; Plut. Dem. 15.) Apollodorus had many and very important law-suits, in most of which Demosthenes wrote the speeches for him (Clinton, Fast. Hell. ii. p. 440, &100.3d. e
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ariara'thes (search)
ratu, " great, master" (Bopp, Vergleichende Gramamatik, p. 196), and the name would therefore signify "an honourable master." (Comp. Pott, Etymologische Forschungen, p. xxxvi., &c.) Ariarathes was the name of several kings of Cappadocia, who traced their origin to Anaphas, one of the seven Persian chiefs who slew the Magi. [ANAPHAS.] Ariara'thes I. The son of Ariamnes I., was distinguished for his love of his brother Holophernes, whom he sent to assist Ochus in the recovery of Egypt, B. C. 350. After the death of Alexander, Perdiccas appointed Eumenes governor of Cappadocia; but upon Ariarathes refusing to submit to Eumenes, Perdiccas made war upon him. Ariarathes was defeated, taken prisoner, and crucified, together with many of his relations, B. C. 322. Eumenes then obtained possession of Cappadocia. Ariarathes was 82 years of age at the time of his death : he had adopted as his son, Ariarathes, the eldest son of his brother Holophernes. (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3, where it is stated
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Ariara'thes I. The son of Ariamnes I., was distinguished for his love of his brother Holophernes, whom he sent to assist Ochus in the recovery of Egypt, B. C. 350. After the death of Alexander, Perdiccas appointed Eumenes governor of Cappadocia; but upon Ariarathes refusing to submit to Eumenes, Perdiccas made war upon him. Ariarathes was defeated, taken prisoner, and crucified, together with many of his relations, B. C. 322. Eumenes then obtained possession of Cappadocia. Ariarathes was 82 years of age at the time of his death : he had adopted as his son, Ariarathes, the eldest son of his brother Holophernes. (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3, where it is stated that he fell in battle; Diod. 18.16; Arrian, apud Phot. Cod. 92, p. 69b. 26. ed. Bekker; Appian, App. Mith. 8; Lucian, Macrob. 13; Plut. Eum. 3; Justin, 13.6, whose account is quite erroneous.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
began his reign with a merciless extirpation of the members of his family. He himself was a cowardly and reckless despot; and the great advantages which the Persian arms gained during his reign, were owing only to his Greek generals and mercenaries, and to traitors, or want of skill on the part of his enemies. These advantages consisted in the conquest of the revolted satrap Artabazus [ARTABAZUS, No. 4], and in the reduction of Phoenicia, of several revolted towns in Cyprus, and of Egypt, B. C. 350. (Diod. 16.40-52.) From this time Artaxerxes withdrew to his seraglio, where he passed his days in sensual pleasures. The reins of the government were entirely in the hands of the eunuch Bagoas, and of Mentor, the Rhodian, and the existence of the king himself was felt by his subjects only in the bloody commands which he issued. At last he was killed by poison by Bagoas, and was succeeded by his youngest son, Arses. (Diod. 17.5; Plut. De Is. et Os. 11; Aelian, Ael. VH 4.8, 6.8, H. A. 10.28
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Artemi'sia (search)
Artemi'sia 2. The sister, wife, and successor of the Carian prince Mausolus. She was the daughter of Hecatomnus, and after the death of her husband, she reigned for two years, from B. C. 352 to B. C. 350. Her administration was conducted on the same principles as that of her husband, whence she supported the oligarchical party in the island of Rhodes. (Diod. 16.36, 45; Dem. de Rhod. Libert. pp. 193, 197, 198.) She is renowned in history for her extraordinary grief at the death of her husband Mausolus. She is said to have mixed his ashes in her daily drink, and to have gradually died away in grief during the two years that she survived him. She induced the most eminent Greek rhetoricians to proclaim his praise in their oratory; and to perpetuate his memory she built at Halicarnassus the celebrated monument, Mausoleum, which was regarded as one of the seven wonders of the world, and whose name subsequently became the generic term for any splendid sepulchral monument. (Cic. Tusc. 3.31;
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Bago'as (search)
Bago'as （*Bagw/as). 1. An eunuch, highly trusted and favoured by Artaxerxes III. (Ochus), is said to have been by birth all Egyptian, and seems to have fully merited the character assigned him by Diodorus, of a bold, bad man (to/lmh kai\ paranomi/a diafe/rwn). In the successful expedition of Ochus against Egypt, B. C. 350, * This date is from Diodorus; but see Thirlwall's Greece, vol. vi. p. 142, note 2. Bagoas was associated by the king with Mentor, the Rhodian, in the command of a third part of the Greek mercenaries. (Diod. 16.47.) Being sent to take possession of Pelusium, which had surrendered to the Theban Lacrates, he incurred the censure of Ochus by permitting his soldiers to plunder the Greek garrison of the town, in defiance of the terms of capitulation. (Diod. 16.49.) In the same war, the Egyptian part of the garrison at Bubastus having made terms with Bagoas for themselves, and admitted him within the gates, the Greek garrison, privately instigated by his colleague Mento
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Callias (search)
, tyrant of Eretria, or rather with the view of extending his authority over the whole of Euboea--a design which, according to Aeschines, he covered under the disguise of a plan for uniting in one league the states of the island, and establishing a general Euboean congress at Chalcis. Plutarchus accordingly applied to Athens for aid, which was granted in opposition to the advice of Demosthenes, and an army was sent into Euboea under the command of Phocion, who defeated Callias at Tamynae, B. C. 350. (Aesch. c. Ctes. §§ 85-88, de Fals. Leg. § 180; Dem. de Pac. § 5; Plut. Phoc. 12.) After this, Callias betook himself to the Macedonian court, where he was for some time high in the favour of the king; but, having in some way offended him, he withdrew to Thebes, in the hope of gaining her support in the furtherance of his views. Breaking, however, with the Thebans also, and fearing an attack both from them and from Philip, he applied to Athens, and through the influence of Demosthenes not
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Camillus (search)
Camillus 3. L. Furius Camillus, M. F., a son of No. 1. In B. C. 350, when one of the consuls was ill, and the other, Popillius Laenas, returned from the Gallic war with a severe wound, L. Furius Camillus was appointed dictator to hold the comitia, and P. Cornelius Scipio became his magister equitum. Camillus, who was as much a patrician in his feelings and sentiments as his father, did not accept the names of any plebeians who offered themselves as candidates for the consulship, and thus caused the consulship to be given to patricians only. The senate, delighted with this, exerted all its influence in raising him to the consulship in B. C. 349. He then nominated Appius Claudius Crassus as his colleague, who however died during the preparations for the Gallic war. Camillus, who now remained sole consul, caused the command against the Gauls to be given to himself extra sortem. Two legions were left behind for the protection of the city, and eight others were divided between him and t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cleitarchus (search)
Cleitarchus （*Klei/tarxos), tyrant of Eretria in Euboea. After Plutarchus had been expelled from the tyranny of Eretria by Phocion, B. C. 350, popular government was at first established ; but strong party struggles ensued, in which the adherents of Athens were at length overpowered by those of Macedonia, and Philip then sent Hipponicus, one of his generals, to destroy the walls of Porthmus, the harbour of Eretria, and to set up Hipparchus, Automedon, and Cleitarchus as tyrants. (Plut. Phoc. 13; Dem. (de Cor. § 86, Philipp. 3. §§ 68, 69.) This was subsequent to the peace between Athens and Philip in B. C. 346, since Demosthenes adduces it as one of the proofs of a breach of the peace on the part of Macedon. (Philipp. 3.23.) The tyrants, however, were not suffered to retain their power quietly, for Demosthenes (Philip. 3.69) mentions two armaments sent by Philip for their support, at different times, under Eurylochus and Parmenion respectively. Soon after, we find Cleitarchus in sole
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