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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 17 3 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
ne-shop. That shown in Fig. 1875 has screw gearing, center and follow rests, and face-plates. On the floor are shown the overhead counter-shaft and cone-pulley, a pile of change-wheels, and a face-plate. Engine-lathe. En′gine-sized. Paper sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp, in a tub. En′gine-turning. A system of ornamented turning done in a rose-engine lathe, and commonly seen on the outside of watch-cases. Engi-scope. A reflecting microscope, invented by Amici, in which the image is viewed at a side aperture in the tube, in a manner similar to the Newtonian telescope. Eng′lish. （Printing.) A size of type between Great Primer and Pica. Great Primer, 51 ems to a foot. English, 64 ems to a foot. Pica, 71 ems to a foot. En-graving. Engraving is very ancient. The oldest records are cut in stone, some in relief, some in intaglio. The hieroglyphics of Egypt are cut in the granite monoliths, and on the walls of the tombs and cham
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
nator for high powers consists of a circular disk of thin glass placed at an angle of 45° in the axis of a microscope, receiving rays from a lateral aperture, and directing them downward upon the object. The objective is made its own condenser. The white-cloud illuminator is to transmit a subdued white light, and is sometimes a surface of pounded glass or of plaster of paris. The oblique illuminator is for directing oblique rays upon an object. This is attained by the concave mirror, Amici's prism, etc. The black-ground illuminator places an opaque surface behind the object and illuminates the surface. See spot-lens; parabolic illuminator. To these may be added the various illuminators for opaque objects, and known as condensers, Sidereflectors, parabolic reflectors, Lieberkuhns, etc. (which see). Il-me′ni-um. Symbol, Il. One of the rare metals but little known beyond the laboratory of the chemist. Im-bow′ment. （Architecture.) A vault or arch. Im′b
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
of the eighteenth century, yet in 1821, according to Biot, opticians regarded the construction of a good achromatic microscope as an impossibility. In 1827 Professor Amici of Modena exhibited in England and Paris a horizontal microscope whose object-glass, of large aperture, was composed of three superimposed lenses. A microscope constructed by Chevalier, on Amici's plan, was awarded a silver medal. The theory of the subject was about this time investigated by Sir John Herschel, Professor Airy, and others, and, acting on their theoretical views, Mr. Joseph Jackson Lister succeeded in effecting one of the greatest improvements in the manufacture of achtula. Altarimeter.Catoptric dial. Altazimuth instrument.Cloth-prover. Altimeter.Collimator. Altiscope.Compound microscope. Altitude instrument.Compressorium. Amici's prism.Condenser. Analyzer.Condensing-lens. Animalcule cage.Dark-well. Aperture.Diagonal eye-piece. Apomecometer.Diamond-microscope. Aquatic box.Diaphragm.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
muth-compass, and are also used in connection with the microscope, serving to erect an inverted image (Nachet's, a, Fig. 3963), or as an illuminator and condenser (Amici's). The former is interposed between the two lenses forming the eye-piece; the inverted object formed by the field-glass passing through the lower eye-lens is transurface of the prism, and after undergoing a series of reflections within the prism, emerges erect from its upper surface and is viewed through the upper lens. Amici's (b) is placed near the object-end of the instrument, and serves to reflect and condense the light on an object upon the stage when it cannot be illuminated by thugh the left half of the objective are transmitted to the right eye, and those from the right half to the left eye. Prisms. a, Nachet's erecting-prism. b, Amici's illuminating-prism. c, Wenham's binocular prism. d, Arrangement of prisms in spectroscope eye-piece. By placing two prisms in reverse positions, the lig
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
nded perpendicularly. This mirror being set at an angle of 45°, the perpendicular line of the telescope will become a horizontal line, that is, a line of level. Invented by Cassini. See level. Re-flect′ing-mi′cro-scope. A form of microscope first proposed by Newton, in which the image formed by a small concave speculum may be viewed either by the naked eye or through an eye-piece. Owing to the difficulty of illuminating the object, it was long disused, but has been revived by Professor Amici, who places the object outside of the tube of the microscope, and reflects its image to the speculum by means of a plane mirror, inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis of the former. Re-flect′ing-tel′e-scope. A telescope in which the rays are received upon an object-mirror and conveyed to a focus, at which the image is viewed by an eye-piece. There are four principal varieties:— A Gregorian.C Newtonian. B Cassegrainian.D Herschelian. The Gregorian telescope (A, F
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
vertically. A similar prism placed vertically magnifies the object in the direction of its width; and a combination of the two gives an image enlarged in both directions, but fringed with the prismatic colors. This may be corrected by making the prisms of a glass which only transmits one color; by viewing the fringed image through a piece of glass of this kind; or, what is better for most purposes, by using a second pair of similar prisms placed in reversed directions to the first. Professor Amici, of Modena, used a combination of four rectangular prisms, having their refracting angles different and connected in pairs; the pair nearest the edge are vertical, and the second pair horizontal, so as to produce equal refraction in each direction, the magnifying power being about three times. This plan is well adapted for ordinary glasses. Tel-a-mo′nes. （Architecture.) Male figures serving as columns or pilasters. Somewhat similar are Atlantes, Persians, Caryatides, etc.