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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 21 1 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bute, John Stuart, Earl of, (search)
Bute, John Stuart, Earl of, Statesman; born in Scotland in 1713; succeeded to his father's titles and estates when he was ten years of age; and, in 1736, marriede gained great influence. When he ascended the throne, in 1760, George promoted Bute to a privy councillor, and, afterwards, a secretary of state; and, when Pitt and the Duke of Newcastle retired from the cabinet, Bute was made prime minister. He soon became unpopular, chiefly because the King had discarded the great Pitt, and p sovereign. Insinuations were rife about the too intimate personal relations of Bute and the young King's mother, who, it was believed, ruled both the King and his mtters, No petticoat government — no Scotch minister — no Lord George Sackville! Bute was vigorously attacked by John Wilkes in his North Briton. The minister's unpo; and, perceiving a rising storm that threatened to overwhelm him with disgrace, Bute suddenly resigned his office (April 7, 1763), but nominated his successor. He r
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Episcopacy in America. (search)
Episcopacy in America. The Church and state in England worked in concert in forging fetters for the English-American colonists. The Church of England was early made a state establishment in the colony of Virginia, but elsewhere the free spirit of the people kept episcopacy at bay, for they remembered how much they had suffered at the hands of the Church of England. On the accession of George III. and the administration of the Earl of Bute, among the reforms in the colonies contemplated and proposed by the ministry was the curtailment or destruction of the Puritan and Dissenting influence in the provinces, which seemed inimical to monarchy, and to make the ritual of the Anglican Church the state mode of worship. As early as 1748 Dr. Seeker, Archbishop of Canterbury, had proposed the establishment of episcopacy in America, and overtures were made to several eminent Puritan divines to accept the leadership, but they all declined it. A royalist churchman in Connecticut, in 1760,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), George (William Frederick) 1737-1820 (search)
turity. Unfortunately for his kingdom, he neglected the wise counsels of Pitt, and made his preceptor, the Scotch Earl of Bute, his prime minister and confidential friend. The minister and his master became very unpopular, and in 1763 Bute resignedBute resigned, and was succeeded by George Grenville (q. v.) who inaugurated the Stamp Act policy and other obnoxious measures towards the English-American colonies, which caused great discontent, a fierce quarrel, a long war, the final dismemberment of the Britiranged. Pitt immediately perceived that the King's tutor and warm personal friend of the young King's mother, the Earl of Bute, had made the arrangements, and would occupy a conspicuous place in the administration. George chose Bute for his counselBute for his counsellor and guide, and Pitt, to whom England, more than to any other man, owed its present power and glory, was allowed to retire and have his place filled by this Scotch adventurer. The people of England were disgusted, and by this blunder George creat