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the Rev. W. Turner , Jun. , MA., Lives of the eminent Unitarians, Introductory Sketch of the early history of Unitarianism in England. (search)
sm, and, under the terrors of the stake, to have signed a recantation when summoned before Archbishop Cranmer. In 1550, however, the Unitarian doctrine is represented as spreading with alarming rapidery intelligible nicety about the incarnation, this excellent person was persecuted to death by Cranmer and Latimer. When the tender-hearted young king for some time refused to sign the warrant for her execution, Cranmer undertook to argue the matter with him; and when, at last, he yielded, the king told him, with tears in his eyes, that if he did wrong, since it was in submission to his authoey had the power. The Papists made great use of this afterwards in Queen Mary's time; and what Cranmer and Ridley then suffered was thought a just retaliation on them from a wise Providence, that dien who had freely exercised that liberty which they denied to others, testified fatally against Cranmer, when, after so short an interval, he himself fell into the same trouble; for they left him wit
things of indifference; Calvin demanded a spiritual worship in its utmost purity. The reign of Edward, giving safety to Protestants, soon brought to light that both sects of the reformed church existed in England. The one party, sustained by Cranmer, desired moderate reforms; the other, countenanced by the protector, were the implacable adversaries of the ceremonies of the Roman church It was still attempted to enforce 2 and 3 Edward VI., c. i. Statutes, IV 36—39. Rymer, XV. 181—183, anth parties in danger, 1553 to 1558. but they whose principles wholly refused communion with Rome, were placed in the greatest peril. Rogers and Hooper, the first martyrs of Protestant England, were Puritans; and it may be remarked, that, while Cranmer, the head and founder of the English church, desired, almost to the last, by delays, recantations, and entreaties, to save himself from the horrid death to which he was doomed, the Puritan martyrs never sought, by concessions, to escape the flam
ce of Lutheranism on America was inconsiderable. New Sweden had the faith and the politics of the German reformer; no democratic ideas distracted its single-minded loyalty. The Anglican church in Virginia may, in one sense, be traced through Cranmer to Luther. But as the New World sheltered neither bishops nor princes, in respect to political opinion, the English church was there but an enfranchisement from Popery, favoring humanity and freedom. The inhabitants of Virginia were conformistresbyterians, attest their perseverance. Such was the system, which, for a century and a half, assumed the guardianship of liberty for the English world. A wicked tyrant is better than a wicked war, said Luther, preaching non-resistance; and Cranmer echoed back, God's people are called to render obedience to governors, althoa they be wicked or wrong-doers, and in no case to resist.—Civil magistrates, replied English Calvinism,—I quote the very words, in which, under an extravagant form, its
gal despotism; but for Protestant liberty and philosophic freedom the victory was decisive. The ancient monarchical system, which had connected the unity of truth with authority, had also asserted the necessity of order in the state, under the doctrine of the personal, divine right of the king to the sovereignty. This right was maintained by the Catholic church against every power but its own. Protestantism abolished the supremacy of the Roman see; and the monarchical reformers, Luther, Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, the homilies of the Anglican church, recognized legitimacy without reserve, and opposing the Roman pretension to a power of dispensing from Chap. XIX.} allegiance, taught passive obedience. The right of resistance—familiar to Calvin and Knox, to the early Puritans and the Presbyterians, not of itself a democratic doctrine, but rather the most cherished principle of feudal liberty, familiar to the nobles of every monarchy in Europe—was the next conquest in the progress o
diators, were that night unheeded; and he was overborne by a majority of two to one. Some of the minority entered their protest, in which they said: We conceive the calling in foreign forces to decide domestic quarrels, to be a measure both disgraceful and dangerous. That same day the university of Oxford, the favored printer of the translated Bible for all whose mother tongue was the English, the natural guardian of the principles and the example of Wickliffe and Latimer and Ridley and Cranmer, the tutor of the youth of England, addressed the king against the Americans as a people who had forfeited their lives and fortunes to the justice of the state. On the last day of October, Lord Stormont, the British ambassador in France, who had just returned to his post, was received at court. The king of France, whose sympathies were all on the side of monarchical power, said to him: Happily the opposition party is now very weak. From the king, Stormont went to Chap. LI.} 1775. Oct
Arrived. Steamship Jamestown, Skinner, New York, mdse. and passengers, Ludlam & Watson. Schr. E. A. Anderson. Cranmer, Philadelphia, coal, Crenshaw & Co. Schr. David Hale, Conkelin, Philadelphia, coal, Crenshaw & Co. Schr. J. B. Allen, Allen, Philadelphia, J. L. Statton. Schr. West Wind, Burnett, Philadelphia, Wirt Roberts. Schr. Charles Foulks, James River, lumber, I. J. Mercer.