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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Homes, Henry Augustus 1812-1887 (search)
Homes, Henry Augustus 1812-1887 Author; born in Boston, Mass., March 10, 1812; graduated at Amherst in 1830; and studied in Paris, France, where he was ordained a missionary of the Reformed Church to Turkey in 1835; joined the American board in Constantinople in the following year, and served as a missionary till 1850; was in the diplomatic service of the United States at Constantinople in 1851-53; returned to the United States in the latter year; became assistant librarian of the New York State Library in 1854, and librarian in 1862. He was Joseph Holt. author of Our knowledge of California and the Northwest; The future development of the New York State Library; and The correct arms of the State of New the correct arms of the State of New York. He died in Albany, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1887.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Immigration. (search)
, it is estimated that the number of immigrants into the United States aggregated 250,000; and during the period 1820-1900 the aggregate was 19,765,155. The nationality of immigrants in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, was as follows: Austria-Hungary, 114,847; German Empire, 18,507; Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia, 100,135; Norway, 9,575; Sweden, 18,650; Rumania, 6,459; Russian Empire and Finland, 90,787; England, 9,951; Ireland, 35,730; Scotland, 1,792; Wales, 764; Japan, 12,635; Turkey in Asia, 3,962; West Indies, 4,656; all other countries, 20,122; total, 448,572. High-water mark was reached in 1882, when the immigrants numbered 788,992. In 1892 the steady decline was checked, with a total of 623,084. The lowest number of arrivals in the period of 1867-1900 was 141,857 in 1877, and in the period 1880-1900, 229,299 in 1898. Immigration act of 1891. This measure, in amendment of the various acts relative to immigration and the importation of aliens under contract
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Indian problem, the (search)
ndictment of her title good. Yet I am persuaded that the dishonor which justly attaches to the history of our dealings with the North American Indians is due rather to a lack of prophetic vision, quite pardonable, in the nation's leaders, and an ignorance and indifference, not pardonable, in the nation at large, rather than to any deliberate policy of injustice adopted by the nation. Bad as has been our treatment of the Indians, it is luminous by the side of Russia's treatment of the Jews, Turkey's treatment of the Armenians, Spain's treatment of the Moors, and, if we include the war of Cromwell against the Irish, the English legislation against Irish industry, Irish education, and the Church of Ireland's choice, it compares favorably with England's treatment of Ireland. When thirteen States—a fringe of civilization on the eastern edge of an unknown wilderness—constituted the American Republic, there was no prophet to foresee the time when the republic would stretch from the Atlan
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Kossuth, Lajos (Louis) 1802- (search)
Kossuth governor; on Aug. 11 following Kossuth resigned his functions to General Gorgei; and, on the surrender of the latter two days afterwards, Kossuth fled to Turkey, where he remained in exile till 1851. In 1851-52 he visited the United States and received a hearty welcome in Louis Kossuth. all the principal cities. Subseere he died, March 20, 1894. Under the title of Schriften aus der emigration he published his memoirs in 1881-82. In the United States. After his flight to Turkey the Austrian government demanded his extradition. The United States and England interfered, and he was allowed his freedom, with his family and friends. The Unes government sent the war-steamer Mississippi to bring him to the United States, and early in the autumn of 1851 he embarked for this country. While in exile in Turkey and in prison, he employed his time in studying living languages, and he was enabled to address the people of the West in the English, German, French, and Italian
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Longstreet, James 1821- (search)
Longstreet, James 1821- Military officer; born in Edgefield district, S. C., Jan. 8, 1821; graduated at West Point in 1842; served in the war against Mexico (1846-48), in which he was severely wounded; and was distinguished for bravery. He held the rank of major in the United States army when the Civil War broke out, and, joining the Confederates, was made a brigadier-general in their army in October, 1861. All through the Civil War he was regarded as one of the ablest of the Confederate military leaders, and as Lee's right hand, attaining the rank of lieutenant-general. After the close of the war he became a Republican. After holding several federal offices he was appointed minister to Turkey in 1880, and James Longstreet. United States commissioner of railroads in 1897.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), MacVEAGHeagh, Wayne 1833- (search)
MacVEAGHeagh, Wayne 1833- Diplomatist; born in Phoenixville, Pa., April 19, 1833; graduated at Yale College in 1853; and admitted to the bar in 1856. He was district attorney for Chester county, Pa., in 1859-64; entered the Union army as captain of cavalry when the invasion of Pennsylvania was threatened in September, 1862; was United States minister to Turkey in 1870-71; member of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1872-73; and president of the MacVeagh commission to Louisiana in 1877. In 1881 he was appointed United States Attorney-General, but on the death of President Garfield he resigned, and resumed law practice in Philadelphia. He supported Grover Cleveland for President in 1892; was ambassador to Italy in 1893-97; and afterwards practised law in Washington.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Metric system, (search)
nada adopts the decimal currency used in United StatesJan. 1, 1858 Metric weight of 5 grammes (77.16 grains) and diameter of 2 centimetres given to the 5-cent copper nickel piece in the United States by act of CongressMay 16, 1866 Use in the United States authorized by act of Congress, and table of equivalents approvedJuly 28, 1866 Convention establishing an international bureau of weights and measures signed at Paris by representatives of Austria, Germany, Russia, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, United States, Argentine Republic, Brazil, and PeruMay 20, 1875 International congress on weights and measures meets at ParisSept. 4, 1878 Metric system. Unit of the measure of length. Metre = 39.37 inches. Decametre10metres. Hectometre100metres. Kilometre1,000metres. Myriametre10,000metres. Decimetre.1 metre. Centimetre.01metres. Millimetre.001metres. Unit of the measure of surface. Centare = 1 sq. metre = 1,550 sq. inches.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Miles, Nelson Appleton 1839- (search)
mustered out of the volunteers, Sept. 1, 1866. On July 28, 1866, he was commissioned colonel of the 40th United States Infantry; March 15, 1869, was transferred to the 5th Infantry; Dec. 15, 1880, promoted brigadier-general; April 5, 1890, major-general; June 6, 1900, lieutenant-general, under an act of Congress of that date; and Feb. 5, 1901, was appointed lieutenant-general under the law reorganizing the army. During the Civil War he distinguished himself at Fair Oaks (wounded), Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (wounded), Ream's Station, and in the operations against Richmond; and after the war conducted a number of campaigns against the hostile Indians, notably against the Apaches under Geronimo and Natchez, whose surrender he forced. He represented the army at the seat of the war between Turkey and Greece, and also at the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897. In the war against Spain in 1898 he visited Cuba and commanded the expedition to Porto Rico (q. v.).
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morrill, Justin Smith 1810- (search)
th not. If we would not multiply examples of individual financial turpitude, already painfully numerous, we must not trample out conscience and sound morality from the monetary affairs of the nation. The option about which we should be most solicitous was definitely expressed by Washington when he said: There is an option left to the United States whether they will be respectable and prosperous or contemptible and miserable as a nation. Our national self-respect will not be increased when Turkey, as a debtpaying nation, shall be held as our equal and Mexico as our superior. The credit of a great nation cannot even be discussed without some loss; it cannot even be tempted by the devious advantages of legal technicalities without bringing some sense of shame; but to live, it must go, like chastity, unchallenged and unsuspected. . . . The argument relied upon in favor of a bimetallic standard as against a monometallic seems to be that a single-metal standard leaves out one-half of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morse, Samuel Finley Breese 1791-1879 (search)
But Morse triumphed everywhere, and he received most substantial testimonials of the profound respect which his great discovery and invention had won for him. In 1846 Yale College conferred on him the degree of Ll.D., and in 1848 the Sultan of Turkey gave him the decoration of the Nishan Iftikar. Gold medals for scientific merit were given him by the King of Prussia, the King of Wurtemberg, and the Emperor of Austria. In 1856 he received from the Emperor of the French the cross. of Chevaliehe Union. In the latter part of that year, after a telegraphic cable had been laid under the Atlantic Ocean (see Atlantic Telegraph), representatives of France, Russia, Sweden,. Belgium, Holland, Austria, Sardinia, Tuscany, the Papal States, and Turkey met in Paris, at the suggestion of the Emperor of the French, and voted to him about $80,000 in gold as a personal reward for his labors. In 1868 (Dec. 29) the citizens of New York gave him a public dinner, and in 1871 a bronze statue of him was
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