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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
See also bung. Bunk′er. （Nautical.) A coal-space below decks on steamers. Bunsen-batter-y. Invented by Bunsen, Professor of Chemistry at Breslau. Also called the Electropoion Battery and the Carbon Battery. A modification of the Grove battery, carbon or gascoke replacing the platinum, and a solution of bichromate of potash replacing the nitric acid of the Grove battery. In this form of battery, the carbon or coke is sometimes formed into a cup, replacing both the platinum aGrove battery. In this form of battery, the carbon or coke is sometimes formed into a cup, replacing both the platinum and the porous cup. There are several modifications of the Bunsen battery, mainly mechanical, looking to a more compact arrangement of the elements, economizing space, etc. There are also several formulas for the bichromate solution: — Bunsen: 5 pounds bichromate of potash dissolved in 2 gallons boiling water. Prevost (September 27, 1870): water, 800; bichromate potash, 50; sulphuric acid, 50; chromic acid, 2. V. Barjou: bichromate of potash, quicklime, sulphuric acid. Bastet (<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
pear to have corresponded nearly in caliber and general dimensions with the modern French carabine. The Spencer rifle was extensively used by the cavalry of the Union army during the late war. Carbine-thim′ble. A stiff leathern socket, secured to a D-ring on the off-side of the saddle by a strap and buckle. It receives the muzzle of the horseman's carbine. Car′bon-bat′ter-y. Another name for the Bunsen galvanic battery, in which carbon or gas-coke replaces the platinum of the Grove battery, and a solution of bichromate of potash replaces the nitric acid. The carbon is sometimes in the form of a cup, and thus constitutes the porous cup as well as an element. Sometimes known as the Electropoion Battery, though this is a generic term, and is equally applicable to other forms. See Bunsen battery. Car-bon′ic-a′cid En′gine. 1. An engine driven by the expansive power of condensed carbonic-acid gas. Brunel's gas engine, 1804, was driven by the increment of pres
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
per's double-file (b) is used for sharpening pencils, etc. Doub′le-flu′id Bat′ter-y. A galvanic battery in which two fluids are used as exciting liquids. They are kept apart by a porous cup, as in the Daniell's battery, or by gravity, as in Callaud's (see infra). Daniell was the inventor of this form of battery, and received therefore the Copley medal of the Royal Society in 1837. He used sulphuric acid in a porous cup placed in a glass cup containing sulphate of copper. Bunsen's, Grove's, and Callaud's are also doublefluid batteries. The name is used in contradistinction to the single-fluid batteries, such as the original Volta, the Cruikshank, Babbington, and Wollaston. The gravity-battery is a double-fluid battery in which the porous cup is dispensed with, the difference in the specific gravity of the fluids used keeping them separate. Often called the Callaud battery, after the name of the inventor. Doub′le-floor. （Carpentry.) One in which both binding a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
0 Carcel burners, or more than six times that of an oil light of a similar class. Its fog-penetrating power is said to be very superior to that of the latter. Browning's electric light. In Browning's electric light, worked by a battery of six Grove cells, the principle adopted is to let the carbon points touch each other, and to clamp them in that position, so that the current has to burn an interval between the two points for itself. In the accompanying cut, D is a brass rod carrying the l repulse each other. A rod of glass or of sealing-wax rubbed and applied to the knob will determine whether the previous excitation was positive or negative. The dry-pile electroscope consisted of a gold-leaf suspended between two balls, and Grove improved on this by insulating the gold-leaf between two surfaces and charging it at the same time by an electrified rod. See electrometer. E-lec′tro-tint. A mode of engraving in which the design is drawn on a copper plate with an acidresi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
hus set free from the acid, combines with the copper plate of the battery, and keeps a clear metallic surface thereon. Grove's battery (h) is used for telegraphing and otherwhere when a powerful action is required. The glass jar has a cylinder oction to this battery consists in its emission of corrosive nitrous-acid fumes. In Bunsen's battery, the platinum of Grove's battery is replaced by carbon. The Bunsen cell, properly so called, has a cylinder of carbon immersed in nitric acid, rm evolves a greater amount of electricity than the former. Bunsen's battery is more powerful, though less compact, than Grove's. Galvanic battery. In the Leclanche battery, the porous vase has a graphite plate to form the positive pole, and he old writers, and many facts, quoted by Dutens, Sir George Staunton, Halhed, Hallam, M. Langles, Muratori, Reinaud, and Grove, which indicate the very early use of gunpowder. It must be recollected that in many parts of Asia saltpeter occurs as
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
er, it is frequently advantageous to employ an eye-piece or amplifier, rather than enlarge a negative taken with a smaller power. Though natural sunlight is to be preferred, it may be sometimes necessary, when this is wanting, to employ artificial illumination; for this purpose, the electric, the magnesium, and the oxycalcium lights have been used with success. Of these, the electric light is the best, and for its production Dr. W employs a Duboseq lamp, operated by a battery of 50 small Grove elements, 10 in a cell The magnesium light affords an illumination similar to whitecloud light, or that of the sun after passing through ground glass, and is well adapted for photographing soft tissues with powers less than 1,000 diameters; there are no interference phenomena, but with powers exceeding 1,000 diameters the time of exposure becomes inconveniently long. Fig. 3684 shows the arrangement employed. The magnesium lamp a stands on a shelf fastened to the wall; the condenser b
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
, 1874. 152,075ClarkJune 16, 1874. 153,438JonesJuly 28, 1874. 156,144DraperOct. 20, 1874. 156,517WhitworthNov. 3, 1874. 157,185AdamsNov. 24, 1874. 2. Cases and Cabinets. 20,664Ross et al.June 22, 1858. 22,464UhlingerDec. 28, 1858. 114,435GroveMay 2, 1871. 127,136AlrichMay 28, 1872. 128,568UhlingerJuly 2, 1872. 133,075AlrichNov. 19, 1872. 133,361EgleyNov. 26, 1872. 134,905LothJan. 14, 1873. 136,525KirchnerMar. 4, 1873. 136,543PuseyMar. 4, 1873. 138,435RangeMar. 29, 1873. 140,326, 1873. 146,296WendellJan. 6, 1874. 147,469BairdFeb. 17, 1874. 149,155RangeMar. 31, 1874. 151,503MorrisJune 2, 1874. 154,311WolfingerAug. 18, 1874. (Reissue.)6,056VetterSept. 22, 1874. 156,042SalisburyOct. 20, 1874. 4. Trays. 114,435GroveMay 2, 1871. 127,136AlrichMay 28, 1872. 136,525KirchnerMar. 4, 1873. 146,298WendellJan. 6, 1874. 5. Lamp-Brackets. 138,831WolfMay 13, 1873. 6. Work-Holders. 115,288EddyMay 30, 1871. 146,110TurnerDec. 30, 1873. 7. Aprons and Guards. 130,3
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
his class: those of Farmer, American; Marcus, Austrain; and Ruhmkorff, French. The former consists of strips of copper and wedge-shaped blocks of an alloy arranged alternately in the form of a ring. The strips of copper are soldered at each end alternately, and insulation between the metals is effected by interposed plates of mica. Heat is applied to the inner edge of the ring by means of a circular gas-burner. It was stated that thirty-six elements of this battery were equal to one of Grove's. Melloni's thermo-electric battery. In the battery of Professor Marcus, the positive and negative elements are both alloys: the former consisting of 10 copper, 6 zinc, and 6 nickel; and the latter of 12 antimony, 5 zinc, and 1 bismuth. The bars are arranged after the manner of the rafters of a house, and soldered together at their alternate extremities, separated by a slight interval, no insulating material being employed. Their lower ends are immersed in water heated by a spirit