Browsing named entities in Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing). You can also browse the collection for China (China) or search for China (China) in all documents.

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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Foster, John Watson 1836- (search)
Mexico in 1873-80, and to Russia in 1880-81. John Watson Foster. On his return to the United States he engaged in the practice of international law in Washington, representing foreign legations before arbitration boards, commissions, etc. In 1883-85 he was minister to Spain; and in 1891 was a special commissioner to negotiate reciprocity treaties with Spain, Germany, Brazil, and the West Indies. He was appointed United States Secretary of State in 1892 and served till 1893, when he became the agent for the United States before the Bering Sea arbitration tribunal at Paris. In 1895, on the invitation of the Emperor of China, he participated in the peace negotiations with Japan; in 1897 he was a special United States commissioner to Great Britain and Russia, and in 1898 was a member of the Anglo-American commission (q. v.). He is the author of A century of American diplomacy, a brief review of the foreign relations of the United States from 1776 to 1876. See Bering sea arbitration.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fryer, John 1839- (search)
Fryer, John 1839- Orientalist; born in Hythe. England, Aug, 6, 1839: graduated at Highbury College in 1860; Professor in Alfred University, Hong-Kong, in 1861: Professor of English Literature in Tung-Wen College, Peking, in 1863-65; for many years connected with the Chinese government in an official capacity for the purpose of translating modern scientific books into Chinese. Professor Fryer has published a large number of books, essays, and reports in the Chinese language, and was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages and Literature in the University of California in 1896. He published a full account of the Buddhist missions in America, in Harper's magazine, under the title The Buddhist discovery of America 1,000 years before Columbus. See Hui Shen.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fur-trade. (search)
them in England; after the treaty of 1795 he shipped them to different European ports. In this trade, chiefly, he amassed a fortune of $250,000, when he embarked in a scheme for making a great fur depot on the Pacific coast. He was then competing with the great fur companies of the Northwest, under a charter in the name of the American Fur Company, for which he furnished the entire capital. Mr. Astor made an earnest effort to carry on the business between the Pacific coast of America and China, founding the town of Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. Through the bad faith of a business partner in 1813, that establishment was sold for a nominal sum and placed under British control. After that Mr. Astor carried on his operations in the region of the Rocky Mountains, with his chief post at Mackinaw. Alaska, acquired in 1867 by purchase, opened a new field for the American fur-trade. The furs from that region are mainly those of the fur-seal; there are also those of the be
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Garfield, James Abram 1831-1881 (search)
s of the Atlantic coast, and searching for gold and peltry, the chevaliers and priests of France were chasing their dreams in the North, searching for a passage to China and the realms of Far Cathay, and telling the mystery of the Cross to the Indian tribes of the far West. Coasting northward, her bold navigators discovered the mo Frontenac to carry forward his grand enterprises. He had developed three great purposes: first, to realize the old plan of Champlain, the finding of a pathway to China across the American continent; second, to occupy and develop the regions of the northern lakes; and, third, to descend the Mississippi and establish a fortified pod of the geography of this country at that time is illustrated by the fact that Capt. John Smith was commissioned to sail up the Chickahominy and find a passage to China! But the claims of the colonies were too vague to be of any consequence in determining the boundaries of the two governments. Virginia had indeed extended her se
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Gridley, Charles Vernon 1845-1898 (search)
Gridley, Charles Vernon 1845-1898 Naval officer; born in Logansport, Ind., in 1845. He was appointed an acting midshipman in the United States navy in 1860; was promoted to midshipman July 16, 1860; lieutenant, Feb. 21, 1867; lieutenant-commander, March 12, 1868; commander, March 10, 1882; and captain, March 4, 1897; and was assigned to the Asiatic squadron. Upon his arrival at Hong-Kong, China, he was given command of the protected cruiser Olympia, the Charles Vernon Gridley. flagship. Just before the battle of Manila Bay, on May 1, 1898, Captain Gridley took his place in the conning tower of the Olympia, with Commodore Dewey on the bridge. When the American fleet drew near to the Spanish vessels, Commodore Dewey gave the laconic order: You may fire when you are ready, Mr. Gridley, and almost immediately the battle was opened. Captain Gridley managed his ship superbly throughout the fight, and fired the broadside which destroyed the Spanish flag-ship. During the battle
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Gwin, William McKendree 1805-1885 (search)
ed a renomination, and was later appointed to superintend the construction of the new custom-house at New Orleans. In 1849 he removed to California, and in September served in the convention at Monterey called to draw up a constitution. In December he became a United States Senator, and during his term secured a survey of the Pacific coast, a mint in San Francisco, a navy-yard (Mare Island), and got a bill passed for the establishment of a line of steamers between San Francisco, Japan, and China. He was re-elected, but when the Civil War began was accused of disloyalty, arrested, and imprisoned till 1863, when he was released. He interested the Emperor of France in a plan to colonize Sonora, Mexico, with Confederates. It is alleged that the French minister of foreign affairs encouraged him to draft a scheme for the colony, which, after meeting the approbation of the Emperor, was given into the hands of Emperor Maximilian. After the latter had been in Mexico two years, Dr. Gwin a
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hamilton, Alexander 1757- (search)
ulations of different countries. Its standard has remained more uniform, and it has in other respects undergone fewer changes, as, being not so much an article of merchandise, owing to the use made of silver in the trade with the East Indies and China, it is less liable to be influenced by circumstances of commercial demand. And if, reasoning by analogy, it could be affirmed that there is a physical probability of greater proportional increase in the quantity of silver than in that of gold, i higher than in other parts of Europe, there is a scarcity of silver; while it is found to abound in France and Holland, where it is rated higher in proportion to gold than in the neighboring nations. And it is continually flowing from Europe to China and the East Indies, owing to the comparative cheapness of it in the former, and dearness of it in the latter. This consequence is deemed by some not very material, and there are even persons who from a fanciful predilection to gold are willin
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hart, Albert Bushnell 1854- (search)
ally in the South, quantities of excellent land have never been cleared and submitted to the plough. There is, of course, a limit to the number of people whom the soil will actually support. In the similar Yang-tse-Kiang and Hoang-Ho valleys in China about 300,000,000 people live from an area about as large as the Mississippi Valley. When we compare means of transportation in China with those in the Mississippi Valley, when we see how easy it is in America to send a surplus from one distriChina with those in the Mississippi Valley, when we see how easy it is in America to send a surplus from one district to supply a deficiency in another, when we consider the enormous credit facilities which enable the community to endure one or two, or even three, years of bad crops without starvation anywhere, there seems to be no reason why the Mississippi Valley may not some time contain a population of 350,000,000 comfortable people, or ten times its present number. The difficult problem is not to raise sufficient crops, but to keep upon the land a sufficient number of persons to till it; but the Missi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, (search)
r were natives or halfcastes; there were several thousands each of Chinese, Japanese, and Portuguese; while the American. British, and Germarnment of the United States. Art. 4. The further immigration of Chinese laborers into the Hawaiian Islands is hereby prohibited until Congress shall otherwise provide. Furthermore, Chinese persons of the classes now or hereafter excluded by law from entering the United States w on said debt. Art. 5. There shall be no further immigration of Chinese into the Hawaiian Islands, except upon such conditions as are now may hereafter be allowed by the laws of the United States, and no Chinese by reason of anything herein contained shall be allowed to enter tinterest on said debt. There shall be no further immigration of Chinese into the Hawaiian Islands, except upon such conditions as are now may be hereafter allowed by the laws of the United States; and no Chinese, by reason of anything herein contained, shall be allowed to enter
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hui Shen, (search)
cially of those who travelled overland between China and India, is a mere trifle. Each part of thebt during the many catastrophes that overtook Chinese literature, whatever knowledge existed of thie visit to the land of Fusang is on record in Chinese history, namely, that of Hui Shen, a native oded down with the full authority of the great Chinese historian Ma Tuan-Lin, there should be no douthe east of Kamtchatka, and also due east from China. It grows great numbers of fusang-trees, whics names. The Buddhist priests in Tibet and North China are called lamas, and the Mexican priest isboth inside and outside of Buddhist temples in China, Japan, and India.—A perfect elephant's head ss eclipses by swallowing the sun—a thoroughly Chinese notion—but instead of scales it is covered wiat are found in Asia, particularly in Java, North China, and Mongolia, the large pyramidal base anremembered he was a native of Cabul, speaking Chinese imperfectly, while Yu Kie, who had never trav[5 more...
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