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Athens (Greece) (search for this): chapter 19
patriots and fighters game, They showed the stock from which they came!Anon. So as they were failing in everything else, they contracted to build the temple at Delphi,It had been burnt down in 548 B.C. Apparently they made a profit on the contract, but rebuilt it to the satisfaction of the priestess. and so acquired a supply of money for the assistance of the Spartans. And the Pythian priestess constantly uttered a command to the Spartans, when they consulted the oracle, to liberate Athens, until she brought the Spartiates to the point, although the Peisistratidae were strangers to them; and an equally great amount of incitement was contributed to the Spartans by the friendship that subsisted between the Argives and the Peisistratidae. As a first step, therefore, they dispatched Anchimolus with a force by sea; but he was defeated and lost his life, because the Thessalian Cineas came to the defence with a thousand cavalry. Enraged at this occurrence, they dispatched t
Delphi (Greece) (search for this): chapter 19
ttica. in the country, on the slopes of Parnes, where some of their friends in the city came out and joined them, but they were besieged and dislodged by the tyrants, owing to which afterwards they used to refer to this disaster in singing their catches:Faithless Dry Fountain! Lackaday,What good men's lives you threw away!True patriots and fighters game, They showed the stock from which they came!Anon. So as they were failing in everything else, they contracted to build the temple at Delphi,It had been burnt down in 548 B.C. Apparently they made a profit on the contract, but rebuilt it to the satisfaction of the priestess. and so acquired a supply of money for the assistance of the Spartans. And the Pythian priestess constantly uttered a command to the Spartans, when they consulted the oracle, to liberate Athens, until she brought the Spartiates to the point, although the Peisistratidae were strangers to them; and an equally great amount of incitement was contributed to the
Sparta (Greece) (search for this): chapter 19
the tyranny was much harsher; for Hippias's numerous executions and sentences of exile in revenge for his brother led to his being suspicious of everybody and embittered. About four years after Hipparchus's death the state of affairs in the city was so bad that he set about fortifying Munychia,A hill above the sea S. of the city, commanding Peiraeus and the two other harbors. with the intention of moving his establishment there. While engaged in this he was driven out by the king of Sparta, Cleomenes, as oracles were constantly being given to the Spartans to put down the tyranny, for the following reason. The exiles headed by the Alcmeonidae were not able to effect their return by their own unaided efforts, but were always meeting reverses; for besides the other plans that were complete failures, they built the fort of LeipsydrionThe name suggests 'water-failure.' Parnes is a mountain in N.E. Attica. in the country, on the slopes of Parnes, where some of their friends
490 BC (search for this): chapter 22
These reforms made the constitution much more democratic than that of Solon; for it had come about that the tyranny had obliterated the laws of Solon by disuse, and Cleisthenes aiming at the multitude had instituted other new ones, including the enactment of the law about ostracism. First of all, in the fifth yeari.e. in 504 B.C.; but if Marathon (490 B.C.) was eleven years later (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 3), perhaps the Greek should be altered here to give 'in the eighth year after.' after these enactments, in the archonship of Hermocreon, they instituted the oath of induction for the Council of Five Hundred that is still in use. Next they began to elect the Generals by tribes, one from each tribe, while the whole army was under the command of the War-lord. Eleven years afterwards came their victory in the battle of Marathon; and in the archonship of Phaenippus, two years after the victory, the people being now in high courage, they put in force for the first
504 BC (search for this): chapter 22
These reforms made the constitution much more democratic than that of Solon; for it had come about that the tyranny had obliterated the laws of Solon by disuse, and Cleisthenes aiming at the multitude had instituted other new ones, including the enactment of the law about ostracism. First of all, in the fifth yeari.e. in 504 B.C.; but if Marathon (490 B.C.) was eleven years later (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 3), perhaps the Greek should be altered here to give 'in the eighth year after.' after these enactments, in the archonship of Hermocreon, they instituted the oath of induction for the Council of Five Hundred that is still in use. Next they began to elect the Generals by tribes, one from each tribe, while the whole army was under the command of the War-lord. Eleven years afterwards came their victory in the battle of Marathon; and in the archonship of Phaenippus, two years after the victory, the people being now in high courage, they put in force for the first
Euboea (Greece) (search for this): chapter 22
should be lent to the hundred richest Athenians, each receiving a talent, so that if they should spend it in a satisfactory manner, the state would have the advantage, but if they did not, the state should call in the money from the borrowers. On these terms the money was put at his disposal, and he used it to get a fleet of a hundred triremes built, each of the hundred borrowers having one ship built, and with these they fought the naval battle at Salamis against the barbarians. And it was during this period that Aresteides son of Lysimachus was ostracized. Three years later in the archonship of Hypsechides they allowed all the persons ostracized to return, because of the expedition of Xerxes; and they fixed a boundary thenceforward for persons ostracized, prohibiting them from livingThe MS. gives 'enacting that they must live.' within a line drawn from GeraestusThe S. point of Euboea. to ScyllaeumThe S.E. point of Argolis. under penalty of absolute loss of citizenship.
Argolis (Greece) (search for this): chapter 22
hould be lent to the hundred richest Athenians, each receiving a talent, so that if they should spend it in a satisfactory manner, the state would have the advantage, but if they did not, the state should call in the money from the borrowers. On these terms the money was put at his disposal, and he used it to get a fleet of a hundred triremes built, each of the hundred borrowers having one ship built, and with these they fought the naval battle at Salamis against the barbarians. And it was during this period that Aresteides son of Lysimachus was ostracized. Three years later in the archonship of Hypsechides they allowed all the persons ostracized to return, because of the expedition of Xerxes; and they fixed a boundary thenceforward for persons ostracized, prohibiting them from livingThe MS. gives 'enacting that they must live.' within a line drawn from GeraestusThe S. point of Euboea. to ScyllaeumThe S.E. point of Argolis. under penalty of absolute loss of citizenship.
Alopeke (search for this): chapter 22
—in this the customary mildness of the people was displayed; and Hipparchus was the leader and chief of these persons. But directly afterwards, in the next year, in the archonship of Telesinus, they elected the Nine Archons by lot, tribe by tribe, from a preliminary list of five hundred chosen by the demesmen: this was the date of the first election on these lines, after the tyranny, the previous Archons having all been elected by vote. And Megacles son of Hippocrates of the deme Alopeke was ostracized. For three years they went on ostracizing the friends of the tyrants, at whom the legislation had been aimed, but afterwards in the fourth year it was also used to remove any other person who seemed to be too great; the first person unconnected with the tyranny to be ostracized was Xanthippus son of Ariphron. Two years later, in the archonship of Nicomedes, in consequence of the discovery of the mines at Maronea,Possibly five miles north of Cape Sunium. the wor
Athens (Greece) (search for this): chapter 23
, and carried on the administration, having gained the leadership by no definite resolution but owing to its having been the cause of the naval battle of Salamis. For the Generals had been reduced to utter despair by the situation and had made a proclamation that every man should see to his own safety; but the Council provided a fund and distributed eight drachmas a head and got them to man the ships. For this reason, therefore, the Generals gave place to the Council in esteem. And Athens was well governed in these periods; for during this time it occurred that the people practised military duties and won high esteem among the Greeks and gained the supremacy of the sea against the will of the Lacedaemonians. The heads of the PeopleSee 2.3 n. in these periods were Aristeides son of Lysimachus and Themistocles son of Neocles, the latter practising to be skillful in military pursuits, and the former in politics,The Greek should perhaps be altered to give 'the latter pra
Lesbos (Greece) (search for this): chapter 24
ds, now that the state was emboldened and much money had been collected, he began to advise them to aim at the leadership, and to come down from their farms and live in the city, telling them that there would be food for all, some serving in the army and others as frontier-guards and others conducting the business of the community, and then by this method they would keep the leadership. Having taken this advice and won the empire, they treated the allies too masterfully, except Chios, Lesbos and Samos, which they kept as outposts of empire, and allowed to have their own governments and to rule the subjects that they had at the time. They also established a plentiful food-supply for the multitude, as Aristeides had proposed; for the combined proceeds of the tributes and the taxes and the allies served to feed more than twenty thousand men. For there were six thousand jurymen, one thousand six hundred archers and also one thousand two hundred calvary, five hundred members
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